The Basic Study on the Transition of Chinese Governmental System from Pre-Modern Age to Modern Age

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In this research, we study the fundamental research about the characteristic of the Chinese governmental system of pre-modern and modern ages, especially those continuity and discontinuity. Model of the latter is miritary power's period, and the former is Yong-zheng period in Qing Dynasty.One of the results is roughly as follows.1. The results in the field of pre-modern age: Yong-zheng period was the finished age in the long Chinese despotic history. For the perfection of monarchal despotism, it was the most important that the emperor personally approved the materials to the throne of subjects by red brush. So " Emperor Yong-zheng's Instruction in Red" <Yousei Shuhi Ronshi> is the best material to elucidate the governmental system. In 1949, prof. I.Miyazaki and T.Abe began to compile the index cards of it. We, under the lesdership of prof. K.Ono completed the index included 120 thousands cards, by help of Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research. We added an appendix ( Comparison list of t … More he Japanese syllabary, Pin-yin <Heion> and Si-jiao-hao-ma <Shikaku> Goba) to that index for the foreign users. The Research Institute for Humanistic Studies of Kyoto University sent the copies to the Institute for Qing History (Beijing) and National Palace Museum (Tai-pei),etc.2. The results in the field of modern age: Miritary despotism was the characteristics of the modern Chinese governmental system. That was not only the metamorphosis of monarchal despotism, but also the result of imperialism's invasion. In order to elucidate those complexities, we extensibly collected the important materials. Accordingly, we made an effort to collect the first-hand materials of Bei-yang miritary clieque in China and those of Japan, U.S. and Great Britain. We compiled the catalogues of Great Britain's F.O.371 Archives (General Correspondence,Political, 1926) and Archieves of Japanese War Office, Informations of China (chiefly informations of miritary attaches to legation and consulates, in Mitsudai-nikki, <MitsuDai Nikki> (1923 -1926).3. Standing on those fundamental researches, we have held the sectional and general meetings. The articles and books of the members are already reflected in some results of those researches. Less