权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

A Study on the History of Architecture Planning of Hospitals in Japan since 1860's.

1860 年代以来日本医院建筑规划史研究。

基本信息

批准号：
59460159
负责人：
DR. AOKI Masao
金额：
$ 2.82万
依托单位：
Kyushu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1984
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1984 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-59460159/
关键词：
History of Architecture Planning of Hospitals 病院の平面計画発達史

项目摘要

We can classify Hospital Buildings in Japan since 1860's in five times, that is, Hospitals Affiliated with Medical Schools, Military Hospitals, Public Hospitals, Special Hospitals and Private Hospitals.The Hospitals Affiliated with Medical Schools have been the most influential in Japan. These hospital buildings has been developed according to the contradictory relations with hospital functions and operation systems under the influences of various elements, that is, the development of medical science, nursing, and architectyral technology.The development of Hospitals Affiliated with Medical Schools can be classified in five stages, that is, 1) Germinal Stage (1860's-1867), 2) Formative Stage ( the clinic systems for general medical practices )( 1868-1877 ), 3) Specialized Stage ( the clinic systems for special practices )( 1878-1893 ), 4) Systematic Stage ( 1894-1918 ), 5) Independent Department Stage ( 1919-1945 ). The development of Public Hospitals can be classified in three stages, that is, 1) Non-Specalized Stage ( 1868-1887 ), 2) Specialized Stage ( 1888-1910's ), 3) Systematic Stage ( 1910's-1945 ).The Public Hospitals had been developed under the influences of the Hospitals Affiliated with Medical Schools. Time was about ten or twenty years behind. Military Hospitals was very important in Japan from 1868 to 1945. Three important Standard Plannings for the Military Hospitals were made during the Meiji Era. Most of the Military Hospitals were constructed systematically based on these standards. The wounded soidiers were transferred from small to large Military Hospitals according to their desease.

日本自1860年代以来的医院建筑可分为五类，即医科大学附属医院、军医院、公立医院、专科医院和私立医院。其中以医科大学附属医院在日本影响力最大。这些医院建筑是在医学、护理、建筑技术等多种因素的影响下，根据与医院功能和运行系统的矛盾关系而发展起来的。医学院附属医院的发展可分为五个阶段，即1）萌芽阶段（1860年代-1867年），2）形成阶段（全科医疗诊所系统）（1868-1877年）， 3）专科阶段（特殊实践的诊所系统）（1878-1893），4）系统化阶段（1894-1918），5）独立部门阶段（1919-1945）。公立医院的发展可分为三个阶段，即1）非专科阶段（1868-1887年）、2）专科阶段（1888-1910年代）、3）系统化阶段（1910年代-1945年）。公立医院是在医学院附属医院的影响下发展起来的。时间大约落后了十年、二十年。从 1868 年到 1945 年，军队医院在日本非常重要。明治时代制定了三项重要的军队医院标准规划。大多数军队医院都是按照这些标准系统建设的。受伤士兵根据病情从小型军医院转移到大型军医院。