The hydraulic legacy of the desert: 9,000 years of sustainable water resources management in N Arabia

沙漠的水力遗产：阿拉伯北部 9,000 年来的可持续水资源管理

• 批准号: 437045338
• 负责人: Dr.-Ing. Kai Wellbrock
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Yarmouk University
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/437045338?language=en
• 关键词: hydraulic; legacy; desert; 000; years

The (semi-) arid deserts of N Arabia are occupied by mobile pastoral cultures since more than 9,000 years. Due to the lack of perennial water resources these societies had to develop and maintain suitable and adapted methods of water management in order to have their socioeconomies sustainably surviving in the arid lands. These methods result in the hydraulic manipulation of landscapes by influencing of the natural local hydrological conditions and processes, aiming to secure – at least temporal – water provision at certain sites. Over-exploitation of water sources is almost excluded by this; its traditional and vanishing environmental knowledge is truly sustainable and subject of record in this project: In terms of Applied Archaeohydrology, the use of the old techniques may contribute to face water shortage in arid areas. This pilot study aims to initially evaluate these methods of water management while it also prepares a case study for the new discipline of archaeohydrology. The region of the Wadis Sahab al- Abiad and al-Asmar with the central place Qulban Beni Murra in Southeast Jordan was chosen for this research.Mostly unknown are the types of (combined) water management techniques, to what extend a technical development is traceable for them during the millennia. Possibly, climatic and environmental shifts during Holocene have caused substantial socioeconomic changes (e.g. the occurrence of oasis sedentism by the 4th millennium BCE), but they may not have caused substantial hydraulic innovations beyond the standards of the (from then on parallel existing) transhumant pastoralists. Throughout the millennia, the extend of mobile pastoralism appears to remain subject to rather conservative water technologies adapting to changing water availabilities and climate, thus being a direct indicator for changing hydrological conditions.

阿拉伯半岛北部的（半）干旱沙漠被移动的游牧文化占据了9,000多年。由于缺乏常年水资源，这些社会不得不发展和维持适当的水管理方法，以使其社会经济在干旱地区可持续地生存。这些方法通过影响当地的自然水文条件和过程，对景观进行水力操纵，旨在确保某些地点的供水，至少是临时供水。水资源的过度开发几乎被排除在外;其传统的和正在消失的环境知识是真正可持续的，并在本项目中记录的主题：在应用水文学方面，使用旧技术可能会导致干旱地区面临水资源短缺。这项试点研究旨在初步评估这些水管理方法，同时也为考古水文学这一新学科准备了一个案例研究。本研究选择了约旦东南部的Wadis Sahab al-Abiad和al-Asmar地区以及中心城市Qulban贝尼Murra。大多数情况下，（综合）水管理技术的类型是未知的，在数千年的时间里，技术发展的程度可以追溯到他们。可能，气候和环境的变化在全新世造成了重大的社会经济变化（例如，绿洲sedentism的公元前4千纪的发生），但他们可能没有造成实质性的水力创新超出标准（从那时起平行现有）的季节性游牧。在整个千年中，移动的畜牧业的扩展似乎仍然受制于适应不断变化的水资源和气候的相当保守的水技术，因此是水文条件变化的直接指标。