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Formation of number concept in a chimpanzee

黑猩猩数字概念的形成

基本信息

批准号：
60450014
负责人：
MUROFUSHI Kiyoko
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To teach a female chimpanzee the concept of cardinal and ordinal number, the following 4 experiments were carried.In Experiment 1, she was trained to match an Arabic numerals as the cardinal number to the number of dots displayed in a random pattern. Starting with one and two, the next large number was added, one by one, when the criterion of learning was attained. Sixteen, 18, 24, 45, and 55 sessions were required to the criterion in each stage from the number 2 to 6, respectively.In Experiment 2 and 3 in which the number 7 was added, the pattern and density of dots were varied systematically to check those effects as the discriminative stimuli upon matching behavior. Although some disturbance was observed, her performance was still maintained higher than 85% correct. Response time consistently increased as a function of the numbers of dots except that the largest number 7 was reponded faster than 6. Thus, the chimpanzee's matching behavior should be controlled by the number of dots.As the first step to teach the ordinal numbers, the large-small conditional discrimation was trained in Experiment 4 with 6 adjacent pairs in 1 to 7 numeral series. After reaching the criterion, non-adjacent pairs were inserted as probe trials to test the transitivity. The chimpanzee was successful to show the forward transitivity to the larger number, but not the backward transitivity to the smaller number.

为了教雌性黑猩猩基数和序数的概念，进行了以下4个实验。在实验1中，她被训练将一个阿拉伯数字作为基数与随机模式中显示的圆点数量相匹配。从1和2开始，当达到学习标准时，一个接一个地添加下一个大数。从数字2到6，每个阶段分别需要16次、18次、24次、45次和55次。在添加数字7的实验2和实验3中，系统地改变点的模式和密度，以检验它们作为判别刺激对匹配行为的影响。虽然观察到一些干扰，但她的表现仍然保持在85%以上的正确率。响应时间随着点数的增加而增加，除了最大的点数7的响应速度快于点数6。因此，黑猩猩的匹配行为应该由点的数量来控制。作为序数教学的第一步，在实验4中，我们用1 ~ 7个数列中的6对相邻序列训练大小条件判别。在达到标准后，插入非相邻对作为探针试验来检验传递性。黑猩猩成功地展示了对较大数字的前向及物性，但不能展示对较小数字的后向及物性。