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An Analysis of Urban Social Structure in Modern Times.

近代城市社会结构分析。

基本信息

批准号：
60450027
负责人：
SAKAI ESHIN
金额：
$ 2.56万
依托单位：
Sapporo Gakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60450027/
关键词：
Social Structure Urban Organ Establishment Type of cities 社会的ネットワーク

项目摘要

The main theme of urban sociology is to prescribe the essential elements of a city and to study the theorv of urban social structures according to those elements. The Japanese sociologist who advanced the most systematic conceptual outline of urban social structures was Eitaro Suzuki. He found that the nature of cities consists in nodal organs. There remain, however, some points in his theory which need discussion. As a matter of fact, the research team approached the present study with a reconsideration of Suzuki's empirical study.Urban organs are considered to be the organs that belong neither to agriculture nor to forestry or fishery. In the present study, however, we attempted to categorize cities by the type of organs which belong to the cities. Furthermore, we tried to find some relations between the cities and the organs that exist in the cities. For this second attempt, some elements which seem to characterize the cities' organs were carefully examined.Our findings are: 1) Theo … More retically, cities can be described as densely inhabited areas delimited by the quality and the quantity of the organs. This theory is acceptable in macro issues, but not acceptable in micro issues. Cities which have a dominant central function have a greater number of organs, while the cities under the influence of such central cities have a significantly smaller number of organs. As a result, the latter type of city is dependent on the central cities. On the contrary, the cities which do not have direct contact with such central cities remain independent from them in establishing organs.2) The scale of a city is measured by the quality and the quantity of the organs which exist in the city.The organs existing in the lower-ranked cities are usually familial, personal, and structurally independent, and are able only to provide people with their daily needs as consumers. On the other hand, the higher-ranked cities have more complex organs which are run by large-scale capitalistic management. These organs fulfil the function of management and service, and their influence extends beyond the city.3) The quality and the quantity of the organs were strongly influenced by the nature of the industries. The largest structural difference of organs is found between the manufacturing industry and the wholesale-retail industry. Among those industries, manufacturing is found to be the most influential factor in the structural change of the organs in each city. As a result, the cities' forms are clearly determined by the industries which exist in those cities. Less

城市社会学的主题是规定城市的基本要素，并根据这些要素研究城市社会结构理论。提出最系统的城市社会结构概念大纲的日本社会学家是铃木荣太郎。他发现城市的本质在于节点器官。然而，他的理论中仍有一些问题需要讨论。实际上，本研究小组在进行本研究时，对铃木的实证研究进行了重新思考，认为城市机关是既不属于农业，也不属于林业或渔业的机关。然而，在本研究中，我们试图根据城市所属机关的类型对城市进行分类。此外，我们试图找到城市和城市中存在的机构之间的一些关系。在第二次尝试中，我们仔细研究了一些似乎是城市器官特征的元素。 ...更多信息从理论上讲，城市可以说是由器官的质和量界定的人口密集区。这一理论在宏观问题上可以接受，但在微观问题上却不可接受。具有主导性中心功能的城市有更多的机关，而受这种中心城市影响的城市有明显较少的机关。因此，后一种类型的城市依赖于中心城市。相反，与中心城市没有直接联系的城市，在建立机构方面则是独立的。（2）城市的规模是由城市中存在的机构的质量和数量来衡量的。低等级城市中存在的机构通常是家庭的、个人的、结构上独立的，只能提供人们作为消费者的日常需要。另一方面，等级较高的城市拥有更复杂的机构，由大规模的资本主义管理。这些机构履行着管理和服务的职能，其影响力超出了城市范围。3）机构的质量和数量受行业性质的强烈影响。器官的结构差异最大的是制造业和批发零售业。在这些行业中，制造业被认为是对每个城市机构结构变化影响最大的因素。因此，城市的形式显然是由这些城市中存在的工业决定的。少