Study of the Relaxational Properties of Crystals, Glasses and Glassy Crystals.

凝聚态物质的振动自由度和构型自由度在其弛豫性质中具有广泛不同的时间尺度。振动的弛豫发生在很短的时间内，可以用eg来研究。振动谱的线宽测量。构型弛豫通常是一个慢得多的过程，用介电谱、力学谱和其他弛豫谱来研究。这种自由度在构型无序的物质中被显著地激发。在这个研究项目中，我们关注无序物质在热力学非平衡状态下的弛豫性质。处于热力学不平衡状态的物质称为玻璃质物质。这样设想的玻璃态不仅可以发生在无定形物质中，也可以发生在无序晶体中。玻璃状物质的弛豫有一个不寻常的性质，即温度甚至局部也不能确定。我们建造了一个仪器来同时测量焓和介电极化的弛豫。焓弛豫是用温度的变化来测量的。为试样在绝热状态下的振动温度。温度的自发上升和自发下降分别表示构型焓的减小和增大。极化弛豫测量为去极化电流。研究了氰化铷、氰化钾-溴化钾固体溶液、氢氧化锂掺杂冰和磷酸二氢铵-磷酸二氢铷固体溶液。前三种物质分别在30k、27k和62k发生弛豫跃迁。弛豫时间和热容增量分析表明它们是玻璃晶体。最后一种物质的构型排序发生时，没有引起热性能的异常。偏振弛豫测量正在进行中。少

Vibrational and configurational degrees of freedom of a substance in a condensed phase have widely different time scales involved in their relaxational properties. The vibrational relaxation takes place in a short time that can be studied by eg. line width measurement of the vibrational spectra. The configurational relaxation is usually a much slower process and studied by dielectric, mechanical and other relaxational spectroscopies. This degree of freedom is excited significantly in configurationally disordered substances. In this research project we are concerned with the relaxational properties of disordered substances in the thermodynamic non-equilibrium state. A substance in thermodynamic non-equilibrium is called a glassy substance. The glassy state thus envisaged can occur not only in amorphous substances but also in disordered crystals. Relaxation in glassy substances has an unusual property that the temperature cannot be defined even locally.We constructed an apparatus for sim … More ultaneous measurement of the relaxation of the enthalpy and the dielectric polarization. The enthalpy relaxation is measured as a change of the temperature (ie., the vibrational temperature) of the sample kept in an adiabatic condition. Spontaneous rise and fall of the temperature indicate the decrease and increase, respectively, of the configurational enthalpy. The polarization relaxation is measured as the depolarization current.Rubidium cyanide, potassium cyanide-potassium bromide solid solutions, ice doped with lithium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-rubidium dihydrogen phosphate solid solutions were studied calorimetrically. The first three substances underwent relaxational transitions at 30 K, 27 K and 62 K, respectively. Analysis of the relaxation times and the increment of the heat capacities showed that they are glassy crystals. The configurational ordering in the last substance took place without causing anomalies in the thermal properties. The polarization relaxation measurement is now under way. Less