Investigation on the-Properties of Ill-Condensed Molecular

1. 设计并制造了一种样品部分可与低温恒温器分离的绝热量热计。直接浸在液氮中的样品被转移到低温恒温器中进行量热测量。对几种物质的测试表明，该仪器的准确度和精密度相当于或超过了最好的绝热量热计。构造了一个包含膨胀计的绝热量热计，并将其用于聚苯乙烯的玻璃化转变研究。建立了一种装置，通过将蒸汽沉积到保持在5k的冷壁上来制备无定形物质。安装在中子束上的装置已成功地用于气相沉积非晶冰和其他液体过冷不能非晶化的物质的中子散射实验。中子衍射表现出强烈的小角散射，为非晶态的非均质性提供了证据。在量热计中制备了玻璃态烃和醇，并精确地测定了它们的构型熵。以非阿伦尼乌斯温度依赖为特征的介电弛豫时间已被亚当-吉布斯理论利用熵数据一致地解释。熵值也给出了协同重排区域的大小作为温度的函数。

1. An adiabatic calorimeter in which the sample part can be detached from the cryostat has been designed and constructed. A sample immersed directly in liquid nitrogen is transferred into the cryostat for calorimetric measurement. Examination on several substances showed the high accuracy and precision of the apparatus equivalent to or exceeding the best adiabatic calorimeter.2. An adiabatic calorimeter incorporating a dilatometer has been constructed and used for a glass transition study of polystyrene.3.An apparatus has been constructed for preparation of amorphous substances by deposition of vapor onto a cold wall kept at 5 K. The apparatus mounted in a neutron beam has been successfully operated for neutron scattering experiment on vapor-deposited amorphous ice and other substances that cannot be amorphized by supercooling of the liquid. The neutron diffraction showed strong small angle scattering that provides evidence for heterogeneity of the amorphous state.4. Glassy hydrocarbons and alcohols have been prepared in the calorimeter and their configurational entropies determined accurately. Dielectric relaxation times characterized by non-Arrhenius temperature dependence have been interpreted consistently by the Adam-Gibbs theory utilizing the entropy data. The entropy values also gave the size of Cooperatively Rearranging Regions as a function of temperature.