Investigation on the-Properties of Ill-Condensed Molecular

1.设计并制作了一种样品部分可与恒温器分离的绝热量热计。将直接浸入液氮中的样品转移到低温恒温器中进行量热测量。对多种物质的测试表明，该仪器具有相当高的准确度和精密度，达到或超过了最好的绝热量热计.本文建立了一个用于聚苯乙烯玻璃化转变研究的绝热量热计。3.建立了一个在5 K冷壁上蒸镀非晶态物质的装置。该装置安装在中子束中，已成功地用于气相沉积的非晶冰和其他不能被液体过冷非晶化的物质的中子散射实验。中子衍射显示出强烈的小角散射，为非晶态的不均匀性提供了证据.在量热计中制备了玻璃态烃和醇，并精确测定了它们的构型熵。介电弛豫时间的特征在于非阿克里乌斯温度依赖性已被解释一致的亚当-吉布斯理论利用熵数据。熵值还给出了协同重排区域的大小作为温度的函数。

1. An adiabatic calorimeter in which the sample part can be detached from the cryostat has been designed and constructed. A sample immersed directly in liquid nitrogen is transferred into the cryostat for calorimetric measurement. Examination on several substances showed the high accuracy and precision of the apparatus equivalent to or exceeding the best adiabatic calorimeter.2. An adiabatic calorimeter incorporating a dilatometer has been constructed and used for a glass transition study of polystyrene.3.An apparatus has been constructed for preparation of amorphous substances by deposition of vapor onto a cold wall kept at 5 K. The apparatus mounted in a neutron beam has been successfully operated for neutron scattering experiment on vapor-deposited amorphous ice and other substances that cannot be amorphized by supercooling of the liquid. The neutron diffraction showed strong small angle scattering that provides evidence for heterogeneity of the amorphous state.4. Glassy hydrocarbons and alcohols have been prepared in the calorimeter and their configurational entropies determined accurately. Dielectric relaxation times characterized by non-Arrhenius temperature dependence have been interpreted consistently by the Adam-Gibbs theory utilizing the entropy data. The entropy values also gave the size of Cooperatively Rearranging Regions as a function of temperature.