Control of Solubilized State and Estimation of Molecular Organization of Membrane Proteins by the Use of Analogues of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）是生物化学领域常用的阴离子表面活性剂，本文着重研究了SDS类似物的潜力，其结构通式如下：n-C_<12>H_<25>（OCH_2CH_2）OSO^<3->X^+。（1）在Li、Tris、三乙醇胺和三异丙醇胺取代阳离子的类似物中，前者作为蛋白质变性剂的变性能力甚至强于SDS，而其它类似物作为蛋白质变性剂的破坏性远小于SDS，（2）该系列表面活性剂可用于确定蛋白质特别是膜蛋白分子组装体的结构层次;（3）该系列成功应用的一个典型例子是类囊体叶绿素蛋白分解产物的分离，其中该系列的不同表面活性剂产生不同的电泳图谱;（4）具有m= 2 to 8进行了比较，揭示了只有那些m等于或大于6的分子对膜蛋白具有高亲和力，因此可以有效地分离膜蛋白。（5）在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离（Na，K）-ATP酶亚基时，发现一种与上述那些表面活性剂相似的易于获得的表面活性剂是一种有效的添加剂，其烷基链长（碳原子数约为13）和氧杂环丁烷链长（约为m =8）的分布均与上述表面活性剂相似，而不会引起变性。

In the field of biochemical research,an anionic surfactant,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),is routinely used.We have focused our attention on the potentiality of analogues of SDS of which general structure can be described as follows:n-C_<12>H_<25>(OCH_2CH_2)OSO^<3->X^+.It was found that:(1)among the analogues having their cations replaced by Li,Tris,triethanolammine and triisopropanolammine,the first was stronger even than SDS as protein denaturant,and the others were far less destructive than SDS as protein denaturant,and the others were far less destructive than SDSbecoming milder on the sequence mentioned above;(2)the series of surfactant could be used to determine the hierarchy of organization of molecular assemblies of proteins especially membrane proteins;(3)a typical example of the successful application of the series is the separation of the products of disassembly of thylakoid chlorophyllproteins in which different surfactant of the series giving different electrophoretic patterns;(4)analogues with m=2to8 were compared with to reveal that only those with m equal to or larger than 6 have high affinity to membrane proteins and thus allows efficient separation of mambrane prteins in the presence of such a surfactant;(5)a readily available surfactant similar to those described above with distribution with respect to both alkyl chain length (number of carbon atoms around 13) and oxyethylene chain length(around m =8)was found to be an efficient additive in polyacrylamide gel elctrophoresis for separation of the subunits of (Na,K)-ATPase without causing denaturation.