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Studies on the Nutritional Peculiarities of Halophytes with Special Reference to their Agricultural Use

盐生植物营养特性的研究，特别是其农业用途

基本信息

批准号：
60480052
负责人：
TAKAHASHI Eiichi
金额：
$ 2.69万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60480052/
关键词：
Halophyte Salt tolerance Euryhaline Atriplex Phragmites Mangrove Boron ピルビン酸キナーゼナトリウム吸収

项目摘要

The study has done under the threemajor research items.1) Collection and water culture of salt tolerant plants: Native plants growing in the abandoned salt farm and the salt accumulated soil of Thailand, Mangrove forest of Ishigaki Island were sampled and analyzed their mineral composition. Some of them were water cultured and water culture method for Atriplex gmelini (halophytic dicotyledon), Phragmites comunis (euryhaline monocotyledon) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (mangrove tree) were established.2) Mechanism of salt tolerance and nutritional peculiarities of halophytes: Atriplex gmelini took up a large amount of Na from the medium and accumulated it in vacuoles. In the cytoplasm, Na concentration was not so high but betain was sccumulated. Thus Atriplex produced the osmotic pressure inside the cell to cope with the high salt concentration in the medium. In the case of Phragmites cumunis however, excessive uptake of Na was suppressed metabolically. Phragmites did not decrease K/Na rati … More o in the cell so much as Atriplex did when the Na concentration in the medium increased. The K requirement of K dependent pyruvate kinase activity was not different between Atriplex and Phragmites. But co-existence of betaine which accumulate in Atriplex cell under high Na concentration media lowered the K requirement of pyruvate kinase of Atriplex. Atriplex had a tolerancy for high concentration of B(boron) in the medium and it seemed one of the physiological characteristics of halophytes which adapted to sea water contained high B.3) Effect of salt on the fertility of the soil: Among the factors of soil fertility, nitrogen is most important. So the effects of salt on the mineralization of organic nitrogen(ammonification), nitrification and symbiotic nitrogen fixation were examined. NaCl equivalent to sea water did not decrease the rate of ammonification so much, but severely suppressed nitrification. The effect of Nacl on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation showed through the effect on the growth of the host plants and depended on the salt tolerance of Legumes. Less

1）耐盐植物的采集与水培：对生长在泰国废弃盐场和积盐土壤中的乡土植物、石垣岛的红树林进行了采样，分析了其矿物组成。对其中的部分进行了水培，建立了盐生双子叶植物滨藜、广盐单子叶植物芦苇和红树林木榄的水培方法。2）盐生植物的耐盐机理和营养特性：滨藜从培养基中吸收大量的Na，并将其积累在液泡中。细胞质中Na含量不高，但甜菜碱积累。因此，Atriplex在细胞内产生渗透压，以科普培养基中的高盐浓度。然而，在芦苇的情况下，过量吸收的钠代谢抑制。芦苇不能降低K/Na比值， ...更多信息当Na+浓度增加时，细胞内Na+浓度增加，细胞内Na+浓度增加，细胞内Na+浓度增加，细胞内Na+浓度增加。钾依赖型丙酮酸激酶活性对钾的需求在滨藜和芦苇之间没有差异。但在高钠条件下，甜菜碱的存在降低了四翅滨藜丙酮酸激酶对钾的需求。滨藜对高浓度B（硼）具有耐受性，这可能是盐生植物适应高硼海水的生理特性之一。3）盐对土壤肥力的影响：在影响土壤肥力的因素中，氮是最重要的。因此，研究了盐对有机氮矿化（氨化）、硝化和共生固氮的影响。海水中的氯化钠对氨化作用的抑制作用不大，但对硝化作用的抑制作用很强。NaCl对共生固氮的影响主要表现在对寄主植物生长的影响上，并取决于豆科植物的耐盐性。少