Development of piston-cylinder type high-pressure apparatus with small size and easy operation

为了认识地球上的自然现象（即岩浆的产生、运移和分异结晶，各种变质岩的形成等），高压实验研究在地球科学中是非常重要的。活塞缸具有稳定性好、压力校准精确、操作相对方便等优点，是一种标准的高压装置。尽管PC（活塞缸）装置已经在基本的机器设计中建立起来，但要启动高压实验实验室并不容易，因为1)PC装置昂贵（目前全套PC的成本高达1000万日元），2)PC又重又笨重（大多数机器超过1000公斤，尺寸超过1x1x1m）， 3)液压单元和电气单元至少在开始时很难使用。为了便于在地学实验室中使用活塞缸装置进行实验研究，我们研制了两种小型的活塞缸装置，具有成本低、体积小、重量轻、操作方便等优点。A-1装置可在室温下进行3.0 GPa的实验，在高温下（100-1600℃）可进行2.0-2.5 GPa的实验。A-1装置有1/2英寸直径的压力室和50倍压力的液压闸板。它的重量只有95公斤，尺寸为0.29x0.5x0.2米。压力可以监测和控制到满量程的0.2%。全套a -1（包括加热装置）的成本约为300万日元。我们开发了另一种机器；K-2型，100吨力液压。K-2装置在室温下可进行2.5GPa的实验，在高温（100-1600℃）下可进行1.5-2.0 GPa的实验。K-2仪器有3/4英寸直径的压力室。它的重量只有165公斤，尺寸为0.33x0.64x0.2米。压力可以监测和控制到满量程的0.2%。包括加热装置在内的全套K-2的成本约为4,000,000日元)。少

In order to understand the natural phenomena in the earth (i.e., generation, transportation and fractional crystallization of magma, formation of various metamorphic rocks, etc.) high pressure experimental study is very important in earth sciences. Piston-cylinder is a standard high pressure apparatus because of its stability, precise pressure calibration, relatively easy handling, etc. Even though the PC (piston cylinder) apparatus is already established in the basic machine design, it is not easy to start a high pressure experimental laboratory because 1) PC apparatus is expensive (currently a full set PC would cost as much as 10,000,000 yen), 2) the PC is heavy and bulky (most machine is over 1000 kg and more than 1x1x1m in size), 3) the hydraulic unit and electric unit is difficult to use at least in the beginning.In order to facilitate the use of piston-cylinder apparatus in earth science laboratories which have not used to the experimental studies, we developed two types of small … More piston-cylinder apparatus with low cost, small size and weight, and very easy operation. The A-1 apparatus is capable of carrying out experiments to 3.0 GPa under room temperature and 2.0-2.5 GPa at high temperatures (100-1600。C). The A-1 apparatus has 1/2 inch diameter pressure chamber and 50tom force hydraulic ram. Its weight is only 95kg and 0.29x0.5x0.2m in size. The pressure can be monitored and controlled up to 0.2% of the full scale. Cost of a full set of A-1 including the heating device is approximately 3,000,000 yen). We developed another machine ; K-2 type with 100 ton force hydraulic. The K-2 apparatus is capable of carrying out experiments to 2.5GPa under room temperature and 1.5-2.0 GPa at high temperatures (100-1600。C). The K-2 apparatus has 3/4 inch diameter pressure chamber. Its weight is only 165kg and 0.33x0.64x0.2m in size. The pressure can be monitored and controlled up to 0.2% of the full scale. Cost of a full set of K-2 including the heating device is approximately 4,000,000 yen). Less