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A Study on the Planning of Thermal Environment for School Building

学校建筑热环境规划研究

基本信息

批准号：
61460179
负责人：
ARATANI Noboru
金额：
$ 3.97万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

A study on the Planning of Thermal Environment for School BuildingIt is very common in Hokkaido to heat a school building partially and intermittently. According to the investigations by questionaries, more than 70% of gymnasiums of public high school in Hokkaido have no heating equipment at all. The troubles of freezing in plumbing have been experienced in 30% of the schools. Wrile in the class rooms, 80% of the teachers often feeles excessive change of room air temperature and open the window ocasionally for the control of temperature and ventilation. The authors investigated the multi-tracergass method for the measurement of ventilation routes in multi-rooms building and measured the natural ventilation in the four stories school building. The stack effect ventilation is dominant in such school building, so the outdoor air comes in to the down-stairs rooms and flow out from the up-stairs. Naturally the ventilations at the midddle floors become smaller. It is important to reduce the ventilation at night and to keep the sufficient ventialtion at daytime for each class room with a sort of heat recovery system. If these improvements on ventilation and insulation of the building were joined together and heating customes were changed to whole house and continuous heating, then the heating load perunit floor area would be reduced to almost one tenth of the ordinary one. The reduction of heating load is a key to make a gentle heating circumstance. Thick insulation on the roof will change the both conditions of winter and summer remarkably. Especially in summer the natural ventilation through the openings at the top eliminate the strong radiation from the roof in daytime and cool the inside at night effectively.

校舍热环境规划研究在北海道，校舍局部、间歇供暖的现象非常普遍。据问卷调查显示，北海道70%以上的公立高中体育馆根本没有供暖设备。 30%的学校都遇到过管道结冰的问题。在教室里，80%的教师经常感到室内气温变化过大，时不时地打开窗户控制温度和通风。作者研究了多房间建筑通风路线测量的多示踪气体方法，并测量了四层教学楼的自然通风。该校舍以烟囱效应通风为主，室外空气进入楼下房间，从楼上流出。中层的通风自然会变小。重要的是要通过一种热回收系统减少夜间通风并保持白天充足的通风。如果将建筑物通风、保温等方面的改进结合起来，将采暖方式改为全屋连续供暖，那么单位面积的采暖负荷将减少到普通建筑面积的近十分之一。减少供暖负荷是营造温和供暖环境的关键。屋顶上厚厚的隔热层将显着改变冬季和夏季的条件。特别是在夏季，通过顶部开口的自然通风消除了白天屋顶的强烈辐射，并在夜间有效地为室内降温。