EVALUATION OF INTERFACIAL REACTIONS IN SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES

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INTERFACIAL REACTIONS IN SOLVENT EXTRACTION SYSTEMS WERE EXTENSIVELY INVESTIGATED BY MEANS OF THE HIGH-SPEED STIRRING METHOD AND OTHER TECHNIQUES. THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED.1. INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA IN CHELATE EXTRACTIONS (1) THE INTERFACIAL ADSORPTIVITY OF -HYDROXY OXIMES WAS STUDIED UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS AND THE ADSORPTION MECHANISM WAS CLARIFIED. THE EXTRACTION RATES OF NICKEL (II) WITH SME529 OR LIX65N IN HEPTANE WERE STUDIED AND THE RATE-CONTROLLING STEP WAS CONCLUDED TO BE THE FORMATION OF 1:1 COMPLEX AT INTERFACE, SINCE THE EXTRACTION RATE WAS PROPORTIONAL TO NICKEL(II) CONCENTRATION, HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION, AND THE INTERFACIAL CONCENTRATION OF THE EXTRACTANAT. THE KINETIC EFFECTS OF THE EXTRACTANTS AND ORGANIC SOLVENTS WERE ALSO EXPLAINED ACCORDING TO THE INTERFACIAL MECHANISM. (2) -DIKETONES ADSORBED AT HEPTANE/WATER INTERFACE ONLY IN THE FORMS OF THE ENCLATE IONS. THE PH DEPENDENCE OF THE INTERFACIAL ADSORPTIVITY WAS EXPLAINED BY THE EFFECTS OF PH ON THE DISSOCIATION EQUILIBRIA AND THE DISTRIBUTION RATIO. A CORRELATION BETWEEN THE ADSORPTION CONSTANTS AND THE DISTRIBUTION CONSTANTS WAS FOUND OUT.2. INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA IN ION-ASSOCIATION EXTRACTIONS (1) THE EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUENTS, ORGANIC SOLVENTS AND COUNTER ANIONS ON THE INTERFACIAL ADSORPTIVITY OF TRIS(1,10-PHENANTHROLINE)IRON(II) COMPLEX WERE ELUCIDATED. THE ADSORPTIVITY OF THE COMPLEX INCREASED IN THE LIGAND OF SMALLER DISTRIBUTION CONSTANT AND IN THE COUNTER ANION OF LARGER HYDRATION ENERGY. (2) THE ION-ASSOCIATION EXTRACTION RATES OF IRON(II)-1,10-PHENANTHROLINES COMPLEX WERE STUDIED AND THE RATE CONTROLLING STEP WAS CONCLUDED TO BE THE 1:1 COMPLEX FORMATION FROM THE FIRST-ORDER DEPENDENCES OF THE RATE ON THE IRON(II) AND THE LIGAND CONCENTRATIONS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE INTERFACIAL REACTION WAS HIGHER IN THE LIGAND OF LARGER DISTRIBUTION CONSTANT. THE ADSORPTION OF THE ION-PAIRS DEPRESSED APPARENTLY THE OBSERVED EXTRACTION RATES.