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Quantitative relationship between root and shoot growth in crop plants

农作物根与芽生长的数量关系

基本信息

批准号：
61470121
负责人：
YAMAGUCHI Junichi
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1.Measurement system to determine root characters (length, surface area, volume and mean diameter) was established through image processing; an error by the system is within 5%.2. The root system of crops growing in the field was shallower in rice and potato, and was deeper in wheat and maize. The root density per unit soil volume as well as the distribution percentage in upper soil layers were larger in rice and wheat, and smaller in maize and potato.3. The total length of roots per unit field area ranged 20-90 km/m^2, being longer in rice and wheat and shorter in potato. The total surface area was 80-110 m^2/m^2 in rice, wheat and maize, and only about 20 m^2/m^2 in potato. The total volume was in the range of 1.4-5 1/m^2, where it was larger in maize and smaller in potato. These values in rice, wheat and soybean decreased with nitrogen application, while those in potato increased.4. The largest density of various root characters was larger in rice, while it was smaller in potato. Those values in rice decreased with nitrogen application, while that in sugarbeet increased.5. Plants per se will require a limited size of rhizosphere, when an adequate supply of nutrients and water is available, such as in solution culture (e.g., 125 cm^3) as well as in soil culture (e.g., 400 cm^3) under favorable climatic condition. In the case of soil culture with limited rhizosphere size, however, fertilizer management was the greatest problem, once the climatic condition is unfavorable. Partition of fertilizer application will have an advantage to root development.6. Plants grown in smaller beds made of rockwool and polyester was much smaller than those in larger beds; the range of bed size was 125-700 cm^3. It is suggested that there is a discrimination between nutrients and water in the flowing process in these materials.

1.通过图像处理建立了根系特征（长度、表面积、体积和平均直径）的测量系统，误差在5%以内.田间作物根系发育表现为水稻和马铃薯根系较浅，小麦和玉米根系较深。单位土壤体积根系密度和根系在上层土壤中的分布比例，水稻和小麦较大，玉米和马铃薯较小.单位面积根系总长度为20-90 km/m^2，水稻和小麦较长，马铃薯较短。水稻、小麦和玉米的总表面积为80-110 m^2/m^2，马铃薯的总表面积仅为20 m^2/m^2左右。总体积在1.4-5 l/m^2的范围内，其中玉米中的总体积较大，马铃薯中的总体积较小。随着施氮量的增加，水稻、小麦和大豆的上述值降低，而马铃薯的上述值升高.水稻根系各性状的最大密度较大，马铃薯较小。随着施氮量的增加，水稻的上述值降低，甜菜的上述值升高.植物本身将需要有限大小的根际，当营养物和水的充足供应可用时，例如在溶液培养中（例如，125 cm ^3）以及土壤培养（例如，400 cm^3）。然而，在根际面积有限的土壤栽培中，一旦气候条件不利，肥料管理是最大的问题。施肥分区有利于根系发育.在由岩棉和聚酯纤维制成的小床上生长的植物比在大床上生长的植物要小得多;床的大小范围是125-700立方厘米。这表明，在这些材料中，营养物质和水分在流动过程中存在着区别。