Japanese Initiative for the Promotion of Occupation Policies regarding External Affairs,with Particular Reference to GHQ/SCAP Documents

该项目旨在澄清日本在促进盟军在第二次世界大战后对日本采取的一些政策方面的主动影响。由于与盟军占领日本有关的原始资料大多长期作为机密文件保存在美国国家档案记录中心，过去对这一课题的研究主要依赖于二手资料。但是，由于日本国会图书馆最近获得了这些或最后的文件，特别是GHQ/SCAP的缩微胶卷文件，本项目得以查阅这些文件，并在此基础上选择重新审查诸如占领期间处理外交关系、解散宰保团和反托拉斯立法以及清洗和修订选举法等具体问题，以确定日本在这些案件中的主动性的影响。首先，在占领之初，对外关系的处理是由占领者垄断的，但随着占领的延长和日本的要求不断重复，垄断逐渐放松，允许日本处理海外邮寄服务，参加国际会议和组织，并建立日本海外使团。其次，不顾日本要求考虑到日德之间的种种差异，占领者以盟军对德政策为模式，强行解散财会，制定反托拉斯法。第三，另一方面，占领者允许日本在选举改革方面采取主动。因此，总的来说，可以得出结论，盟军的占领政策在充分考虑到日本的特殊情况并得到大多数有关日本人的坚定支持的情况下，执行得很成功。

This project purports to clarify the effects of the Japanese initiative in promoting some of the policies which the Allied Occupation Forces adopted in the Post-World War II Japan. The past studies of this topic had to rely mainly on second-hand materials due to the fact that most of the original materials relating to the Allied occupation of Japan had long been stored as classified documents at the U.S. National Archives and Records Center.However, Since the Japanese Diet Library recently acquired those orfinal documents,in particular GHQ/SCAP documents, in microfilms, this project secured access to them,on the basis of which such specific problems as the handling of foreign relations during the occupation,the dissolution of Zaibatsu and the Anti-trust legislation and the purge and the revision of electoral laws were chosen to be re-examined in order to ascertain the effects of Japanese initiative in each of these cases. First of all, at the beginning of the occupation,the handling of foreign relations was monopolized by the occupant,but as the occupation prolonged and Japanese requests were repeated, the monopoly was gradually loosened to allow Japan to handle overseas mailing service, participate in international conferences and organizations, and to establish Japanese overseas missions. Secondly,in disregard of the Japanese demand that various differences berween Japan and Germany be taken into account,the dissolution of Zaibatsu and the Anti-trust legislation were forced by the occupant modeled after the Allied policy in Germany. Thirdly,on the other hand,the occupant allowed Japanese initiative in the case of electoral reform. Thus, in general, it can be concluded that the Allied occupation policies were successfully implemented where they took sufficient account of particular circumstances in Japan and where they acuired solid support of the majority of the Japanese concerned.