Relations of Causes and Effects in Urban Earthquake Disaster with Emphasis on Functional Impairment

研究了城市地区地震灾害的原因和影响，重点研究了城市地区地震灾害的功能损害。当一个人试图处理这个非常困难的任务时，有两个主要问题。它们是(1)如何量化因果之间的关系，(2)如何阐明因果之间的相互关系结构。在调查的早期阶段，我们使用了解释结构模型（ISM）和模糊结构模型来分析因果关系中的结构，这些结构是通过对来自不同领域的约50人的问卷调查结果进行总结而确定的。然而，在研究过程中，这些方法的几个缺点变得清晰，并提出了一种新的方法，称为“模糊定量结构建模”。人们发现这种新方法对正在考虑的研究非常有用，因为它使人们能够对因果结构作出更灵活的解释。

The causes and effects of seismic disaster in an urbanized area were investigated with special emphasis on their functional impairment. There are two major problems when one tries to approach this very difficult task. They are (1) How to quantify the relation between a cause and an effect, and (2) How to clarify the inter-relational structures amony the causes and effects. In the early stages of the investigation, the Interpretive Strictural Modelling (ISM) and the Fuzzy Scvuctural Modelling were used to analyze the structures amoug the causes and effects, which had been identified by summarizing the results of the questiovaire survey to about 50 persons from various fields. However, during the course of the study, several drawbacks of these methods became clear, and a new method named "Fuzzy Quantitative Structural Modelling" I was developed.The new method was found to be very useful for the king of study under consideration in that it enables one to make more flexible interpretations of the cause-effect structure.