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Experiment and Computer Simulation of Human Behavior during Earthquake Induced Fire

地震引发火灾时人类行为的实验和计算机模拟

基本信息

批准号：
03452198
负责人：
KATAYAMA Tsuneo
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To collect data on human behavior during earthquake induced fire, a maze experiment with two different conditions was performed using 40 subjects. A new computer simulation model is also proposed to analyze evacuation in large and populous underground facilities. The major findings are :From the maze experiment, it was found that once a subject has lost reference positions, it takes time to recover the sense of direction. The behavior of a subject was greatly affected by brightness and smoke. The behaviors can be categorized into three patterns.The fractal dimension of evacuation path is proposed as a new index to classify the complexity of evacuation behavior. The data from the maze experiment and from an actual fire were employed to examine the use of the fractal dimension in classifying evacuation paths. From these investigations, the fractal dimension is found to be a good index to quantify the complexity of evacuation behavior.A new computer simulation method based on potential model is proposed. Previous models cannot efficiently handle obstacles in the path. To check the adequacy of the method for human behavior analyzes, this method is applied to a simple corridor model and a real subway station. By comparing the results of the computer simulation to the results of past research on human behavior, the proposed method is found to be a good and practical method to simulate human behavior in populous underground facilities.

为了收集地震引发火灾期间人类行为的数据，我们对 40 名受试者进行了两种不同条件下的迷宫实验。还提出了一种新的计算机模拟模型来分析大型且人口密集的地下设施的疏散。主要发现是：从迷宫实验中发现，一旦受试者失去参考位置，就需要时间来恢复方向感。受试者的行为很大程度上受到亮度和烟雾的影响。疏散行为可分为三种模式。提出疏散路径分维数作为疏散行为复杂程度分类的新指标。来自迷宫实验和实际火灾的数据被用来检查分形维数在疏散路径分类中的使用。通过这些研究，发现分形维数是量化疏散行为复杂性的一个很好的指标。提出了一种新的基于势模型的计算机模拟方法。以前的模型无法有效地处理路径中的障碍物。为了检查人类行为分析方法的充分性，该方法应用于简单的走廊模型和真实的地铁站。通过将计算机模拟的结果与过去的人类行为研究结果进行比较，发现该方法是在人口稠密的地下设施中模拟人类行为的一种良好且实用的方法。