Preparation of algal cell wall-decomposing enzymes

从自然生境中分离出能够降解藻细胞壁组成多糖(β-1，4-甘露聚糖、β-1，3-木聚糖、海藻酸盐、卟啉、琼脂和岩藻糖胶)的细菌。获得了大量的多糖降解菌，并筛选出多糖降解酶的高产菌株。从淡水鱼肠道内容物中分离到一株产β-1，4-甘露聚糖降解酶的细菌，鉴定为气单胞菌属。所有被选为产生其他多糖降解酶的细菌都来自海洋环境，并被归类为弧菌属。另一方面，对许多海洋动物的内脏进行了多糖降解酶活性的测定。从海螺、顶壳和鲍鱼中提取的肝胰腺具有较高的多糖降解酶活性。一种细菌β-1，4-甘露聚糖、β-1，3-木聚糖和卟啉降解酶的混合物，从红藻条斑紫菜的叶状体中释放出原生质体。几种细菌酶和肝胰脏顶壳提取物的混合物是从许多种绿藻、褐藻和红藻中释放原生质体的有用工具。

Preparation of algal cell wall-decomposing enzymes.A search was undertaken to isolate bacteria from natural habitats which were able to degrade constitutive polysaccharides of algal cell wall ( beta-1,4-mannan, beta-1,3-xylan, alginate, porphyran, agar, and fucoidan). A lot of such bacteria were obtained, and the strains with a high productivity of polysaccharide-degrading enzyme were selected. A bacterium with high productivity of beta-1,4-mannan-degrading enzyme was isolated from intestinal contents of a freshwater fish, and was assigned to tile genus Aeromonas. All of the bacteria selected for producers of the other polysaccharides-degrading enzymes were originated from marine environment, and were assigned to the genus Vibrio. On the other hand, activities of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes were determined for the viscera of many marine animals. The extract of hepatopancreas from the marine snails, topshell and abalone, possessed high activity of many polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. A mixture of bacterial beta-1,4-mannan-, beta-1,3-xylan-, and porphyran-degrading enzymes released proto plast from thalli of a red alga, Porphyra yezoensis. The mixture of several bacterial enzymes and the extract of topshell hepatopancreas was a useful tool to release protoplast from many species of green, brown, and red algae.