A Study of Apocryphal-Thought in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism during Medieval China

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Apocryphal-Thought ** in China was flourished and developed during Han times, being connected with other thoughts. But we can only see a small part of it from fragments which are still existing in various sources, because most of the sources were lost by several governmental prohibitions. In view of the history of thought, however, it is said that the Apocryphal-thought widely had influence on the field of thought and religion in medieval China. In our project we followed the influence and development of Apocryphal-thought, being based on sources of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.In this project, the investigators respectively approached the problem from each one's special field. The sources of Taoism was investigated by Miyazawa, Tanaka and Watarai. In the field of Buddhism, Sato was dealing with Buddhist apocryphal-sutra in T'ang period, and so to be Harumoto in Northern Wei period. In the field of Confucianism, Takeda was investigating the transition of the apocryphal-thought in relation to the Three Emperor theory *** in several sources, and Shimizu was investigating her study on the documents quoted in the commentary for Wen-hsun *** . In the field of history of religion, Hoshino was investigating its thought in relation with mysticism thought and folk-belief. We were extracting the terms from various sources and elucidate the influence on other thoughts and religions. Head investigator, Imaeda had rounded off all investigations mentioned above, furthermore he had considered the historic evolution of Apocryphal-thought in the sources of T'ang dynasty.As a result, we could find that Apocryphal-thought still exists in Taoist Canon, Buddhist apocryphal-sutra and Commentary, Gloss of Confucian texts and etc.. We may conclude that Apocryphal-thought was one of important ideology in medieval China, for there were many sources, though not titled, which contained the thought of Five-elements ** and of Astronomy and Geography as apocryphal-thought.