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The Reoientation of Japanese Economy from Expoet-Driven to Domestic Demand-Oriented Grouth and its Effect on Regional Economic Development

日本经济由外向型增长转向内需型增长的转向及其对区域经济发展的影响

基本信息

批准号：
63460001
负责人：
YASUTOMI Kunio
金额：
$ 0.64万
依托单位：
Fukushima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Major objective of Japanese economic policy has been the reorientation of the economy from export-driven to domestic demand-oriented growth in the second half of 1980s and the early 1990s. The Mayekawa Report published in April 1986 proposed a general reorientation of the economy through the improvement of the quality of life.The rapid appreciation of yen since mid-1985 has contributed to the reorientation of the ecnomy from export-driven to domestic demand-oriented growth. Net export (current account balance) has reduced dramatically. Since 1986 domestic demand expanded rapidly than GNP in real term.Public investment was increased significantly in 1987-88. Easy monetary policy stimulated residential investment in 1986-87, followed by buoyant business investemnt. Easy monetary policy stimulated private investment both through direct effects of lowering the cost of borrowing and indirectly throughasset appreciation. The origin of strength of private consumption growth shifted from highe … More r income wage earnre's and self-employed households, which had led the recovery in 1987, probably reflecting wealth effects, to middle and lower income households with rising wages and rapid employment growthBut the gap between Japan's economic strength and its standard of living has not curtailed. Rapid increase in land price sine the end of 1985 has deteriorated the quality of life. The wealth disparity between firms and persons, those who already own urban real estate and those who do not has risen dramatically. In the metropolitan area there is a remote possibility that a employee purchases a housing.While average hours worked declined in other major countries, they increased in 1975-1988 in Japan. This increase was due to a rise in average overtime worked. Firms has minimized regular employment and depended more on overtime work and part-time workers. Annual hours worked in Japan is much longer than in other major countries. In 1988 the Government set a target for reducing average annual hours worked currently 2 100 to 1 800 by the end of FY 1992. In 1990 average annual hours worked decreaced slightly. It seems difficult to realize the target.With many public investment used for industrial facilities, spending for public amenities, such as sewage plants and parks has been insufficient. The Final Report of the Structural Impediments Initiative published in June 1990 set a target for increasing the share of public investment used for public amenities currently 50-54 per cent to 60 pet cent bis 2000. It seems difficult to realize the target. The impediment to realize the target is the opposition of the ministries and pressure groups to the change of share of public investmet. Less

日本经济政策的主要目标是在1980年代后半期和1990年代初将经济从出口导向型增长转向以内需导向型增长。1986年4月发表的前川报告建议通过提高生活质量来总体调整经济方向。自1985年中期以来，日元迅速升值，促使日本经济从出口导向型增长转向内需导向型增长。净出口（经常账户余额）大幅减少。自1986年以来，国内需求的实际增长速度超过了国民生产总值。1987- 1988年公共投资显著增加。1986年至1987年，宽松的货币政策刺激了住宅投资，随后商业投资活跃。宽松的货币政策通过降低借贷成本的直接效应和通过资产增值的间接效应刺激了私人投资。私人消费增长力量的来源，已从可能反映财富效应、曾在1987年引领经济复苏的高收入、高工资和自雇家庭，转向工资上涨、就业快速增长的中低收入家庭。但日本经济实力与其生活水平之间的差距并未缩小。自1985年底以来，土地价格迅速上涨，使生活质量恶化。企业和个人之间的财富差距，已经拥有城市房地产的人和没有城市房地产的人之间的财富差距急剧扩大。在大都市地区，雇员购买住房的可能性很小。虽然其他主要国家的平均工作时间有所下降，但日本的平均工作时间在1975-1988年间有所增加。这一增长是由于平均加班时间的增加。企业减少了常规雇佣，更多地依赖于加班和兼职工人。日本的年工作时间比其他主要国家要长得多。1988年，政府制定了一项目标，到1992财政年度末，将目前的年平均工作时数2 100小时减少到1 800小时。1990年，年平均工作时数略有下降。这个目标似乎很难实现。由于许多公共投资用于工业设施，污水处理厂和公园等公共设施的支出一直不足。1990年6月发表的《结构障碍倡议最后报告》确定了一个目标，即到2000年将用于公共设施的公共投资比例从目前的50% - 54%提高到60%。这个目标似乎很难实现。实现这一目标的障碍是各部门和压力集团对公共投资份额变化的反对。少