Development of Snow-Removal Techniques Using Surface Water and Management of Snow・・Disposal Systems

传统的利用汽油机动机械和地下热水的除雪和融雪系统存在着大量的能源和土壤工程问题，为了克服这些问题，利用地表水的输雪沟系统和融雪沟系统已成为有效和实用的两种主要对策。然而，用于这些系统的标准设计方法和用于除雪系统的有效管理，包括雪输送沟系统、雪融化沟系统、汽油移动机械等，本文首先介绍了利用地表水的输雪沟系统和融雪沟系统的除雪能力，并讨论了这些系统的标准设计方法;其次，为了利用地表水进行融雪，研究了冬季河流的水温。主要是多重回归 ...更多信息 时段分析使用了三个预测变量，即每日气温，移动平均气温和前一天的降雪深度。结果表明，水温与变量之间的相关性较高，北陆地区冬季无降雪时的表层水温至少为3^O。这些地表水可以用于输雪沟系统和融雪沟系统。第三，对除雪系统的有效管理进行了探讨。系统的管理又分为三个子系统：宏观系统，以公路除雪为例，是以行政管理为主导的公共规模处置;中观系统，以地方行政管理的城市规模与辖区内居民的关系为基础，以地方活动为例，是以城市规模为主导的公共规模处置;和3）微型系统，这是在私人层面上完成的，如在小规模的活动，如从房屋屋顶除雪。这些系统必须组织起来，以获得综合效果。少

There is a considerable number of energy and soil-engineering problems associated with conventional snow-removal and snow-melting systems which utilize gasoline-mobile machinery and warm underground water.To overcome these problems, snow-conveyance-gutter systems and snow-melting-gutter systems which utilize surface water have become the two principal means for effective and practical countermeasures. However, standard design methods for these systems and effective management for snow-disposal systems which involve snow-conveyance-gutter systems, snow-melting-gutter systems, gasoline-mobile machinery, etc., have not yet been established.In this paper, firstly, the snow-disposal capacities of the snow-conveyance-gutter systems and the snow-melting-gutter systems which use surface water are described, and standard design methods for these systems are discussed.Secondly, to utilize surface water for snow melting, water temperature of rivers in winter is studied. Principally, multiple regr … More ession analyses are conducted where three predictor variables are used, namely, the daily atmospheric temperature, the moving mean atmospheric temperature and the depth of snowfall during the preceding day. Results showed a higher correlation between the water temperature and the variables, and surface-water temperature in winter in the Hokuriku district is at least 3^O at the instant when snowfall is absent. It is possible to use this surface water for snow-conveyance-gutter systems and snow-melting-gutter systems.Thirdly, the effective management of the snow-disposal systems is discussed. The management of the systems is classified into three sub management systems as follows : 1) Macro system which pertains to public scale disposal governed by the administrative management as seen in highway-snow removal ; 2) Meso system which is realized under the correlation of the municipal scale of the local administration and the people living in the jurisdiction as seen in the case of local activities ; and 3) Micro system which is done on private level as seen in small scale activities such as snow removal from huse roofings. These systems have to be so organized that the comprehensive effects will be obtained. Less