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Development of Snow-Removal Techniques Using Surface Water and Management of Snow・・Disposal Systems

利用地表水除雪技术的开发及除雪系统的管理

基本信息

批准号：
63460166
负责人：
OKUMA Takashi
金额：
$ 3.2万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There is a considerable number of energy and soil-engineering problems associated with conventional snow-removal and snow-melting systems which utilize gasoline-mobile machinery and warm underground water.To overcome these problems, snow-conveyance-gutter systems and snow-melting-gutter systems which utilize surface water have become the two principal means for effective and practical countermeasures. However, standard design methods for these systems and effective management for snow-disposal systems which involve snow-conveyance-gutter systems, snow-melting-gutter systems, gasoline-mobile machinery, etc., have not yet been established.In this paper, firstly, the snow-disposal capacities of the snow-conveyance-gutter systems and the snow-melting-gutter systems which use surface water are described, and standard design methods for these systems are discussed.Secondly, to utilize surface water for snow melting, water temperature of rivers in winter is studied. Principally, multiple regr … More ession analyses are conducted where three predictor variables are used, namely, the daily atmospheric temperature, the moving mean atmospheric temperature and the depth of snowfall during the preceding day. Results showed a higher correlation between the water temperature and the variables, and surface-water temperature in winter in the Hokuriku district is at least 3^O at the instant when snowfall is absent. It is possible to use this surface water for snow-conveyance-gutter systems and snow-melting-gutter systems.Thirdly, the effective management of the snow-disposal systems is discussed. The management of the systems is classified into three sub management systems as follows : 1) Macro system which pertains to public scale disposal governed by the administrative management as seen in highway-snow removal ; 2) Meso system which is realized under the correlation of the municipal scale of the local administration and the people living in the jurisdiction as seen in the case of local activities ; and 3) Micro system which is done on private level as seen in small scale activities such as snow removal from huse roofings. These systems have to be so organized that the comprehensive effects will be obtained. Less

利用汽油移动机械和温暖的地下水的传统除雪和融雪系统存在相当多的能源和土壤工程问题。为了克服这些问题，利用地表水的除雪和融雪系统已成为有效和实用的应对措施的两种主要手段。然而，目前尚未建立这些系统的标准设计方法以及对涉及运雪沟系统、融雪沟系统、汽油移动机械等除雪系统的有效管理。本文首先描述了利用地表水的运雪沟系统和融雪沟系统的除雪能力，并讨论了这些系统的标准设计方法。利用地表水融雪，研究河流冬季水温。原则上，进行多重回归分析，其中使用三个预测变量，即每日大气温度、移动平均大气温度和前一天的降雪深度。结果表明，水温与变量之间的相关性较高，北陆地区冬季无雪时地表水温至少为3^O。可以将这些地表水用于输雪天沟系统和融雪天沟系统。第三，讨论了除雪系统的有效管理。系统管理分为以下三个子管理系统： 1）宏观系统，属于公共规模处置，受行政管理，如公路除雪； 2）中观系统（Meso system），从地方活动的情况来看，是在地方行政管理的城市规模与管辖范围内居住的人们的相关性下实现的； 3）微型系统，在私人层面上完成，如小规模活动中所见，例如从房屋屋顶除雪。这些系统必须组织起来才能获得综合效果。较少的