Development of Integrated Management for Crop Root Zone Environment

对加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省辣椒根区环境试验资料进行了分析。（1）覆盖（无裸露），（2）早期覆盖（晚巴拉），（3）后期覆盖（早期裸露）和（4）覆盖物/隧道（隧道式覆盖）。各处理的商品果和总干重等产量与后期覆盖的产量之比（早期裸露）在早期覆盖中高2-3倍，在覆盖（无裸露）中高3-7倍，在覆盖/隧道中高10-13倍。在该地区晚春气候条件下，通常不可能在田间栽培辣椒，但发现使用覆盖物使其成为可能。在改善土壤环境方面，移栽时进行覆盖效果更好，而全程覆盖效果最好。通过对灌水和覆膜施肥两种控制方法的比较，确定了施肥是最佳的控制方法。 关于我们 从1986年开始的4年中草莓的N值可以用根区环境因素与草莓生长的关系概括为：（1）控制土壤水分为干燥条件果实数增加，控制土壤水分为湿润条件果实重增加，（2）增加作物总重量的最佳土壤水分对应于约30.0%的含水量;（3）通过保持高水平的土壤温度，可以最好地获得果实中的糖含量101在最后一个试验中，研究了施氮量和土壤温度对草莓产量及其根际状况的影响。除了这些影响外，今年还研究了草莓收获前2周土壤水分的影响。土壤湿度调节在三个不同的水平，湿（40-43%），标准（37-38%）和干（30-35%），土壤温度由电加热系统控制。为了获得高产稳产，在收获前2周保持较高的含糖量和温度是至关重要的，本研究通过模拟、试验和田间试验，研究了行覆盖对提高地表温度和行覆盖与土壤间气温的影响。在晴天，行覆盖使行覆盖内的气温白天比周围气温高4-8 ℃，夜间比周围气温高3-4 ℃。这些趋势得到的观察与模拟结果吻合良好。少

The experimental data on root zone environment using pepper plants in British Columbia, Canada were analyzed for black-plastic mulch over soil surface ; (1) mulch (no bare), (2) early mulch (late bara), (3) late mulch (early bare) and (4) mulch/tunnel (mulch with tunnel type covering).The ratio of yield such as marketable fruits and total dry weight of each treatment to those of the late mulch (early bare) were 2-3 times higher in the early mulch and 3-7 times higher in the mulch (no bare) and 10-13 higher in the mulch/tunnel. Under climates of late spring in this district, it is usually impossible to cultivate pepper plants in field, but using of mulch was found to make it possible. To improve soil environment, setting mulch at the time of transplanting is more effective and mulch throughout cultivation is most effective. The control method of watering and fertilizing under mulch cover were compared, and fertilization was found to be the best way.The results of experimental cultivatio … More n of strawberry over four years from 1986 may be summarized in terms of the relation between the environmental elements at the root zone area and the growth of strawberry as (1) the number of fruits increases by controlling the soil moisture to a dry condition and the weight increases by controlling it to a moist condition, (2) the optimum soil moisture for increasing the total crop weight corresponds to a water content of approximately 30.0% and (3) the sugar content in fruits can be best obtained by maintaining the soil temperature at a high level (until about 28^ﾟc) and by controlling the soil moisture at a water content of approximately 35.0%, when cultivated using standard fertilization as a nutrient in the soilIn the last experiment, the effects of nitrogen fertilization and soil temperature on the strawberry yield and its rhizosphere status were investigated. In addition to these effects, the effect of soil moisture during 2 weeks just before the harvesting of strawberry have been also examined in this year. Soil moisture were adjusted at three different levels, wet (40-43%), standard (37-38%) and dry (30-35%), and soil temperature was controlled by the electric heating system. In order to get the high and stable yields, high sugar content and temperature for 2 weeks before the harvesting time werevery important.The present study was conducted to understand how large extent the row cover improves the surface soil temperature and the air temperature between row cover and soil from simulation, experiment and field experiment. On clear day, the row cover maintained the air temperature in the row cover became 4-8^ﾟc higher than the surrounding air temperature in day time and 3-4^ﾟc higher in night time. These tendencies obtained from observation agreed well with simulation results. Less