To do or not to do: Principles of affordance based decision-making

做还是不做：基于可供性的决策原则

• 批准号: 438470816
• 负责人: Dr. Jennifer Randerath
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zukunftskolleg
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/438470816?language=en
• 关键词: do; Principles; affordance; based; decision

Perceived capabilities and given environmental properties determine whether a daily life situation prompts to perform a certain action (Affordance perception = perception of possibilities for action). A car is coming up the street, - am I fast enough to safely cross the road before it reaches me? We hypothesize that the involved decision processes (affordance judgments) are informed and activated by affordance perception, and that they are influenced significantly by prior experience and the anticipated action outcome. Some tasks appear to lead to overestimating our abilities while in others we seem to be rather cautious. Erroneous decisions due to overly conservative or liberal response tendencies or based on deficient perceptual sensitivity when discriminating possible versus impossible actions (e.g. after stroke) may lead to precarious situations. In order to generate potential approaches, that modulate and train these decisions in an optimal manner, we first need to elaborate on modulating factors.For generating the lead hypotheses we use a simplified working model based on the assumption of dynamic and interactive perception-action processes underlying affordance judgments. The simplified model opposes ideomotor elements (outcome-driven action planning) to sensorimotor elements (stimulus-driven perception) as key factors and stresses action related attentional processes as a centrally guiding element. Across studies affordance judgment performance is primarily described by signal detection measures and perceptual performance is mainly evaluated by control tasks. In study A we test the alterability of affordance judgments by manipulated object value (outcome-driven action planning) as well as the influence of prior experience with stimuli (stimulus driven perception). In study B we investigate the change in affordance judgment performance via training and the alterability of training effects by introducing action induced attentional processes (EnACTment) for when stimuli are presented not in a real but in a virtual environment. Study C elaborates on changed affordance judgment performance after brain damage due to stroke. This study illuminates possible correlations of deficient affordance judgments with neuropsychological profiles as well as the hypothesis that differential training-effects will be predictable based on brain damage centered in rather left-lateralized action-networks versus right-lateralized perception-networks.With our novel approaches elaborating on the modulation of affordance judgments we aim to prime needed progress towards the development of diagnostics and training approaches improving affordance judgment performance.

感知能力和给定的环境属性决定了日常生活情况是否会促使执行某个动作（可供性感知=对动作可能性的感知）。一辆汽车正从街上开过来，我是否足够快，在它到达我之前安全地穿过马路？我们假设，所涉及的决策过程（启示判断）的启示感知的通知和激活，他们的影响显着的先前的经验和预期的行动结果。有些任务似乎会导致我们高估自己的能力，而在另一些任务中，我们似乎相当谨慎。 由于过度保守或自由的反应倾向或基于感知灵敏度不足而做出的错误决定，在区分可能与不可能的行动时（例如中风后），可能会导致不稳定的情况。为了产生潜在的方法，以最佳的方式调节和训练这些决策，我们首先需要详细说明调节因素。为了产生先导假设，我们使用了一个简化的工作模型，该模型基于动态和交互式感知-动作过程的假设，其基础是可供性判断。简化的模型反对的表象元素（结果驱动的行动计划）的感觉运动元素（刺激驱动的感知）作为关键因素，并强调行动相关的注意力过程作为一个中心的指导元素。在所有研究中，示能性判断绩效主要通过信号检测来描述，知觉绩效主要通过控制任务来评估。在研究A中，我们通过操纵对象价值（结果驱动的行动计划）以及先前刺激经验（刺激驱动的感知）的影响来测试可供性判断的可变性。在研究B中，我们通过引入动作诱导注意过程（EnACTment），研究了当刺激不是在真实的而是在虚拟环境中呈现时，通过训练和训练效果的可变性来改变示能性判断表现。研究C详细阐述了中风导致脑损伤后的可供性判断表现的变化。这项研究阐明了缺乏可供性判断与神经心理学特征的可能相关性，以及基于大脑损伤（集中在左侧化的动作网络与右侧化的感知）的差异训练效果是可预测的假设。我们的新方法详细阐述了可供性判断的调制，我们的目标是为诊断和培训方法的发展提供必要的进展提高了示能性判断性能。