A Study of the Carpenters in the Early Modern Period and Munafuda (dedication board) of Temples and Shrines in the Northern Kyushu

1. 穆纳夫达（奉献板）记录了特定建筑的建造历史和日期，赞助商的名字，建筑师和木匠等在顶部仪式上。Munafuda也记录了各种各样的愿望，经文的引用，符号以及神和女神和佛陀的名字。奉献板的形式大致可分为三种类型……方型（平头型）、直型（尖头型）、直型（圆头型）。至于munafuda的精加工工具，在中世纪使用的是斧头和yariganna，但在现代早期，平面是常见的。Munafuda起源于用印度墨水刻在屋顶脊杆上的铭文。我将在这个结果中对它进行一些考虑。我在这个结果中检查了九州北部神道神社和佛教寺庙的MUNAFUDA（奉献板）的形式，材料和精加工。结果如下：对MUNAFUDA的尺寸（总高度、厚度、上下宽度和侧面高度）的检查表明，“daiso -tekagami”所规定的尺寸并不总是被遵守，而且奉献板不一定是根据吉祥的比例制作的。也就是说，匾额的大小是由描述句的长度和字母的大小以及各种匾额所附着的空间来决定的。MUNAFUDA的形式大致可以分为三种类型…Sento型（尖头型）、square型（平头型）和ento型（圆头型）。在每一种类型中，都有上角或下角被切断的。这种故意剪掉一角的做法，是为了把匾额变成护身符。至于MUNAFUDA的精加工工具，在中世纪使用斧头和yariganna，但在现代早期，平面是常见的。MUNAFUDA的材料通常是附近获得的木材。在九州北部，日本香柏树占所有材料的55%左右，其次是日本柏树，然后是松树、樟树和泽尔科伐树。少

1. Munafuda(dedication board) records the history and date of the construction of a specific building, the name of the sponsor, the architect and the carpenters etc.at the topping-out ceremony. Munafuda also registers various wishes, quotations from the sutras, symbols and the names of gods and goddesses and Buddhas. The forms of the dedication board can roughly be classified into three types...square style(a level-headed type), sento style(a point-headed type), ento style(a round-headed type). As for the finishing tools of munafuda, axs and yariganna were used in the middle ages, but in the early modern age planes were common. Munafuda originates from inscription of the ridgepole of a roof with indian ink. And I am going to give some consideration about it in this result.2. I have examined in this result the form, material and finising of MUNAFUDA(dedication board) of Shinto shirins and Buddhist temples in the northern part of Kyushu. The outcome is as follows :The examination of the … More size (the total height, the thickness, the upper and under width, and the side height) of MUNAFUDA has shown that the size which "Daisho-tekagami" dictated was not always observed, and that dedication boards were not necessarily made according to an auspicious scale. That is, the size of a dedication board was determined by the very length of the description sentence and the size of letters, and the space on which various dedication boards were attached. The forms of MUNAFUDA can roughly be classified into three types...sento style(a point-headed type), square style(a level-headed type)and ento style(a round-headed type). In each type, there are ones with their upper or lower corner cut off. This deliberate cutting-off of one of the corners was meat to turn the dedication board into an amulet. As for the finishing tools of MUNAFUDA, axs and yariganna were used in the middle ages, but in the early modern age planes were common. The material of MUNAFUDA is generally wood obtained nearby. In the northern part of Kyushu, Japan ceder occupies about 55% of the all mate-rials, followed by Japanese cypress, then pine, camphor, and zelkovas. Less