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Experimental andTheoretical Studies on the Expectancy and Aftereffect of Aversive Stimuli of Different Durations

不同持续时间厌恶刺激的预期和后效的实验和理论研究

基本信息

批准号：
04610081
负责人：
IMADA Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Kwansei Gakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of the present research was to investigate whether or not effects obtained by increasing the intensity of an electric shock would also be obtained by increasing its duration, in a licking conditioned suppression situation with rats. In Experiment 1, the aversiveness of unsignaled grid-socks of five different durations was measured in terms of overall lick suppression. These shocks of five durations were used as USs in Experiment 2, but the US-duration had no effect upon conditioning. In Experiment 3, 0.7-sec and 4.9-sec shocks, which were shown to be significantly different in aversiveness in Experiment 1, were used as USs, and their effects were assessed using both beteen- and within-subjects designs. In agreement with results of Experment 2, shock duration had no effect upon conditioning with the between-subjects design. But conditioned suppression to the CS paired with tje 4.9-sec shock proved to be significantly greater than that to the CS paired with the 0.7-sec shock, with the within-subjects design. This effect was attributed to the fact that, with the latter design, rats had chances to "compare" shocks of two different durations. In Experiment 4, chances rats had to compare shock durations were systematically manipulated by varying the number of within-session transitions from the 0.7-sec shock to the 4.9-sec shock, or vice versa. The results showed that the shock-duration discrimination was facilitated under the condition of greater number of transitions. In the last experiment, the aftereffects of shocks of nine different durations were investigated in terms of their dissuppressing effects upon immediately following conditioned suppression. Longer shocks proved to have greater dissuppressing effect upon following conditioned suppression than shorter shocks. The results as a whole were discussed with reference to contemporary theories of classical conditioning, as well as to the opponent-process theory.

本研究的目的是调查是否通过增加电击强度获得的效果也将通过增加其持续时间，在舔条件抑制的情况下与大鼠。在实验1中，五个不同的持续时间的无信号的网格袜的厌恶性测量的整体舔抑制。这些冲击的五个持续时间被用作US在实验2中，但US持续时间没有影响条件反射。在实验3中，0.7秒和4.9秒的冲击，这是显着不同的厌恶实验1中，被用作US，其效果进行了评估，使用两个组间和组内设计。与实验2的结果一致，电击持续时间对受试者间设计的条件反射没有影响。但在受试者内设计中，4.9秒电击对CS的条件性抑制显著大于0.7秒电击对CS的条件性抑制。这种效应归因于这样一个事实，即在后一种设计中，大鼠有机会“比较”两种不同持续时间的电击。在实验4中，通过改变从0.7秒电击到4.9秒电击的会话内转换次数，系统地操纵大鼠比较电击持续时间的机会，反之亦然。结果表明，在跃迁次数较多的情况下，激波持续时间的区分变得容易。在最后一个实验中，研究了九种不同持续时间的电击对条件性抑制的解除效应。长时间的电击比短时间的电击对随后的条件抑制有更大的去抑制作用。结果作为一个整体进行了讨论，参考当代理论的经典条件反射，以及服从过程理论。