Developmental Study on the Acquisition Process of Disjunctive Logical Reasoning

选言逻辑推理习得过程的发展研究

• 批准号: 04610087
• 负责人: NAKAGAKI Akira
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: National Institute for Educational Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1993
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04610087/
• 关键词: Logical reasoning; Disjunctive reasoning; Disjunctive four-card-problem; Disjunctive syllogism; Formal operation; 選言文

In this study, developmental processes of disjunctive logical reasoning were investigated. Two reasoning tasks concering disjunctive sentence, that is, a disjunctive four-card-problem in the first year of this research project and a disjunctive syllogism task in the second year, were administered to the second, fourth, sixth and eighth granders, 20 students in each grade.The results of both tasks showed that most of the lower graders were unable to access these tasks and even the sixth or eighth graders had much difficulty in reasoning logically. As predictedat the first stage of this project, disjunctive logical reasoning skills were acquired in preadolescence, namely, at the stage of formal operations, and not in childhood. Based on these results, it was concluded that disjunctive logical reasoning is not a precocial reasoning schema as indicated by Braine & Rumain (1981), but one of late-acquired formal operations as predicted by Inhelder & Piaget (1955).

本研究考察了选言逻辑推理的发展过程。本研究的第一年为选言四卡问题，第二年为选言三段论问题，分别对二、四、六、八年级学生进行了选言推理任务，两项任务的结果显示，大多数低年级学生无法完成这些任务，即使是六年级或八年级的学生也有很多逻辑推理困难。正如本项目第一阶段所预测的，析取逻辑推理技能是在前青春期获得的，即在正式操作阶段，而不是在童年。根据这些结果，我们得出结论：选言逻辑推理不是Braine & Rumain（1981）所指出的一种早熟的推理图式，而是Inhelder & Piaget（1955）所预言的一种晚获得的形式运算。