Allocation of Japanese Foreign Aid and Its Impact on LDC's

关于日本对发展中国家的对外援助，有两个问题尤为重要。第一个问题是，如果援助对现实中的发展有什么影响的话，那就是什么。援助应至少为受援国带来显著的经济增长。与影响问题有关的是捐助国决定提供援助的问题。除了经济发展的因素，还有什么因素在这里起作用？这个项目的目的是研究这两个相互关联的问题：日本对外援助的分配及其对受援国经济增长和平等的影响。当一个捐助国的一群决策者被假设为理性的单一行为者时，他们在分配有限的资源作为对外经济援助时，应该考虑受援国的需求。由于非超级大国捐赠者无法微调受援国政府的外交和/或国内政策，他们将自己的资源赠送给不需要的回收国几乎没有什么好处。我们对日本对外援助的考察表明，利益共同体模型最好地解释了日本经济援助分配的决策。当利益共同体模型成立时，政策制定者配置稀缺资源，期望改变他国的国内或外交政策行为是不合理的。延长官方发展援助的一个适当的理由是，通过援助受援国的发展，支持对日本持有利政策立场的国家或政府。

Two issues regarding Japanese foreign aid to developing countries are particularly important. The first is what impact, if any, the aid has on development in reality. Aid should generate at least significant economic growth in the receiving countries. Related to the issue of impact is the question of decision of donor countries to give aid. What factors, aside from those of economic development, are operative here?The purpose of this project is to examine these two interrelated issues : allocation of Japanese foreign aid and its impact on economic growth and equality in the recipient countries.When a group of decision makers in a donor country are assumed to be a rational unitary actor, they should take the recipient needs into consideration in allocating their limited resources as foreign economic aid. Since non-superpower donors cannot fine-tune the foreign and/or domestic policies of the recipient government, they have little to gain from giving their resources away to unneedy reciplents. Our examination of Japanese foreign aid shows that decisions in Japan's economic aid allocation are best explained by the community of interests model. When the community of interests model holds, it is not reasonable for policy makers to allocate scarce resources with an expectation of changing other country's domestic or foreign policy behaviors. An appropriate rationale to extend ODA is to support countries or governments with favorable policy stances for Japan by assisting recipient development.