NC ODA 1 Year Extension

NC ODA 延长 1 年

• 批准号: NE/T012390/1
• 负责人: Stephen Mobbs
• 金额: $ 108.05万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT012390%2F1
• 关键词: NC; ODA; Year; Extension

The overarching aim of ACREW is to undertake research that builds thew resilience of developing countries to atmospheric hazards. The proposed programme of work will focus on two hazards: air pollution and adverse weather - both of which disproportionately impact poor people. Air pollution is a critical problem in many developing economies, reducing life expectancy by up to a decade, and GDP by up to 5% per year. Weak infrastructure and dependence on rain fed agriculture render the populations of developing countries critically vulnerable to variation in the weather. Within the Atmospheric hazard in developing Countries: Risk assessment and Early Warning (ACREW) project (2017-2020) NCAS has focused on two particular atmospheric hazards, working with local partners to translate cutting edge research into practical application. In this one-year extension to the ACREW project, we build on two key research themes - building new technological capability for air pollution measurement, and new predictive capability for meteorological hazards that impact the agriculture sectors, both with a focus on Africa. Although the research activities and partnerships involved in these two themes are scientifically distinct from one another, we work in an integrated way across NCAS to share best practice in ODA-related research, and where possible use our networks of partners in air quality and meteorological hazard to reach a boarder user audience. In the area of air pollution science we particularly focus in this one-year extension on the development of novel open-source measurement tools, building on recent breakthroughs made in sensor science and fabrication. In the area of meteorological hazards, we have identified a series of case studies as the focus, in order to maximise impact and sustain the partnerships developed in the earlier phases of ACREW.There is a long-standing critical gap in technological capability for quantifying air pollution in LMICs most recently highlighted by the 2019 UNICEF report "Silent suffocation in Africa". Existing monitoring equipment are not tolerant to unreliable power supplies, have high operational costs, high energy demand, and are very expensive to maintain in the long-term. Over the past three years ACREW has delivered new insight into the basic science of sustainable air-quality information in the world's poorest countries. NCAS has pioneered an entirely new concept for sustainable measurements exploiting the simplicity, modest cost and high reliability of state-of-the-art sensors and electronics, but drastically improving the quality of data collected by employing a multiplexed sensors measuring in an ensemble (or 'cluster'). We are seeking here to undertake research activities with the goal to create a field-tested scalable and practical solution for air quality measurement. This one-year extension will enable NCAS to focus efforts on co-designing, co-producing and field testing highly fault-tolerant sensor-based systems for air pollution measurement. In the previous stages of ACREW, improved meteorological prediction on sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales has facilitated the development of new methodologies for assessing the risk of agricultural drought, tropical cyclones and extreme rainfall . New observations and reanalysis have, furthermore, elucidated potentially predictable large scale circulation regimes associated with wind energy supply in Central America. In all of the applications described above, risk assessment could be improved further by accounting for variation in prediction skill. For example, predictions of extreme rainfall may be more robust during particular phases of the MJO. Identification of windows of opportunity for robust prediction, and practical application for improved risk assessment will be the themes of the next phase of ACREW.

阿克鲁（Acrew）的总体目的是进行研究，从而建立发展中国家对大气危害的韧性。拟议的工作计划将重点介绍两种危害：空气污染和不利天气 - 两者都对穷人产生了不成比例的影响。在许多发展中的经济体中，空气污染是一个关键问题，将预期寿命降低了十年，而GDP每年最多可达5％。基础设施薄弱和对雨水的依赖使发展中国家的人口迫切容易受到天气变化的影响。在发展中国家的大气危害中：风险评估和预警（ACREW）项目（2017-2020）NCAS专注于两种特殊的大气危害，与当地合作伙伴合作，将尖端研究转化为实际应用。在ACREW项目的这项为期一年的延长中，我们以两个关键的研究主题为基础 - 建立了用于空气污染测量的新技术能力，以及影响农业部门的气象危害的新预测能力，均侧重于非洲。尽管这两个主题涉及的研究活动和合作伙伴关系在科学上彼此不同，但我们以综合方式在NCAS上工作，分享与ODA相关的研究中的最佳实践，并在可能的情况下使用我们的空气质量和气象危害中的合作伙伴网络来吸引寄宿生用户受众。在空气污染科学领域，我们特别关注这一一年的扩展，这是基于传感器科学和制造中最新突破的新型开源测量工具的开发。在气象危害领域，我们将一系列案例研究确定为重点，以最大程度地发挥影响并维持在Acrew的较早阶段中建立的伙伴关系。在量化LMIC的技术污染方面存在着长期存在的关键差距，以量化2019年Unicef报告“非洲无声宣传中的静音宣传”。现有的监测设备不容忍不可靠的电源，具有高运营成本，高能源需求，并且长期维护非常昂贵。在过去的三年中，阿克鲁（Acrew）对世界上最贫穷国家的可持续空气质量信息的基础科学提供了新的见解。 NCAS开创了一个全新的概念，用于可持续测量，以利用最先进的传感器和电子设备的简单性，适度的成本和高可靠性，但通过采用在集合中测量的多路复用传感器（或“ cluster”），可以大大提高收集的数据质量。我们在这里寻求开展研究活动，目的是为空气质量测量创建一个可进行现场测试的可扩展且实用的解决方案。这项为期一年的延长将使NCA能够将精力集中在共同设计，共同制作和现场测试，以进行高度容忍的传感器系统进行空气污染测量。在Acrew的前阶段，对季节性（S2S）时标的气象预测得到了改善，这有助于开发新方法，以评估农业干旱，热带气旋和极端降雨量的风险。此外，新的观察结果和重新分析还阐明了与中美洲风能供应相关的潜在可预测的大规模循环体。在上述所有应用程序中，可以通过考虑预测技能的差异来进一步改善风险评估。例如，在MJO的特定阶段，对极端降雨的预测可能更稳定。识别可靠预测的机会窗口，并为改善风险评估的实际应用将是Acrew的下一阶段的主题。