Study on the behavioral alteration of wild Japanese macaques.

研究了日本野生猕猴最近在福井县和佐区和长野县基索地区的分布扩大情况。取得的结果如下：1)日本猕猴的分布在1970年后迅速扩大，2)不怕人类存在的猕猴增加，这可能导致接近村庄和耕地，3)可能的影响因素是当地村庄，特别是农业和林业的劳动力减少，4)二战后猕猴被排除在狩猎动物之外也加速了这一趋势，5)田间种植作物丰富了营养条件，可能影响到它们较高的出生率。6)20世纪50年代至60年代的大规模采伐可能会导致猕猴从山区深处向人类附近的第一步运动。7)目前，即使是“乡下猴”也不那么害怕人类，一些“城市猴”在耕地和/或村庄附近表现出非常熟悉的行为。8)这种猕猴可能在耕地周围觅食，并成为非常广泛的栖息地。野生日本猕猴行为的这些变化反映了日本社会的历史变迁，需要在日本建立一种新的野生动物与人类的关系。

The recent expansion of distribution of wild Japanese macaques was studied in the Wakasa district of Fukui Prefecture and in the Kiso district of Nagano Prefecture. The results obtained are as follows ; 1)rapid expansion of the distribution of Japanese macaques occurred after 1970, 2)the macaques who was not afraid the presence of human beings increased, which might cause the approach to the villages and cultivated fields, 3)the possible factor influenced can be the decreasing labors in the local villages, especially those for agricultures and forest-ries, 4)the exclusion of macaques from the game animals after the second world war also accelerated the trend, 5)enrichment of the nutritious conditions by taking crops in the field may influenced on their higher birth ratios, 6)the large-scaled timbering which was done during 1950s to 1960s could induce the first-step movement of the macaques from the deep in mountainous areas to the near of human beings, 7)at present even the "country monkeys" do not fear human beings so much and some "urban monkeys" showed very familiar behaviors with them in the cultivated fields and/or near the villages, 8)such macaques may forage around the cultivated fields and became to have a very wider home range. These alteration of the behavior of wild Japanese macaques reflects the historical changes of Japanese society and it needs to establish a new relationships between wild animals and human beings in Japan.