Modeling coupled water, heat and solute transport in unsaturated soils during freezing and thawing with meltwater infiltration.

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We developed moisture-and thermo-sensors, thermo-dielectric-analyzer and double-ring-permeameter, and obtained hydraulic and thermal properties of frozen unsaturated soils. We also performed directional column freezing experiments and showed the water, heat and solute transport during soil freezing/thawing, and meltwater infiltration into frozen soil. Based on these data, numerical calculations were carried out, and a coupled water and heat transport model for soil freezing process designed with non equilibrium formation of ice was proposed. Modifying the model to simulate infiltration with soil thawing is the issue in the future.