MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR-BIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON STRUCTURE AND PHYLOGENY OF CHLOROPLAST OF A GREEN DINOFLAGELLATE.

用免疫金电镜观察了一种绿色甲藻叶绿体中DNA的分布，以观察叶绿体中核状双膜囊泡中的DNA。结果，在双膜结合囊泡中检测到免疫金标记物质。为进一步了解绿色甲藻Lepidodinium viride与其它甲藻的系统发育关系，对寄主甲藻鞭毛器的超微结构进行了观察。绿色L.viride具有横向纹状根（TSR）和后向纵向微管根（LSR），这两种根是目前报道最多的甲藻鞭毛器。L.vreide的基体以大约120-130 °的角度放置，这在所有的裸甲藻甲藻中都有观察到。绿色军团菌鞭毛器的最不寻常的特征是其鞭毛上有一个突起， 关于我们 在横脊体的背侧部有一条微管状根（CMR），在纵脊体的近端有一条纵纹根结缔组织（LSR），它沿着纵纹根结缔组织的腹右缘延伸，这些结构在其它甲藻中未见报道。此外，LMR在基体近端弯曲近90 °，LMR后部有一条狭窄的条纹状纤维结缔组织与微管束相连，微管束沿着鞭毛纵管排列，指向柄状胞质突起。这些特征在其他甲藻中从未发现过。本研究采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术扩增了一种绿色甲藻Chlamyeliumparkeae的叶绿体小亚基（ssu）核糖体（r）RNA基因，并进行了序列测定，并与典型的团藻和绿藻Pyramimonasparkeae进行了比较，为分析绿色甲藻叶绿体的发育奠定了基础。L.viride.因此，衣原体和金字塔菌可分配到彼此不同的组。根据所获得的知识，绿色乳杆菌叶绿体ssu rRNA的测序和比较它与目前的结果，可以证明绿色乳杆菌叶绿体的发育。少

Immunogold electron microscopy of DNA distribution in chloroplasts of a green dinoflagellate was carried out in order to detect DNA in nucleomorph-like, double-membrane bound vesicle in chloroplasts. As a result, immunogold-labeled materials were detected in the double-membranebound vesicle. It reveals that nucleomorph derived from endosymbiont is present in chloroplasts.The ultrastructure of flagellar apparatus of the host dinoflagellate was observed in order to better understand phylogenetic relationship between the green dinoflagaellate, Lepidodinium viride and the other dinoflgaellates. L.viride had the transverse striated root (TSR) and the posteriorly directed longitudinal microtubular root (LSR) which are tne most cammonly reported flagellar apparatus of dinoflagellates. The basal bodies of L.vreide lay at an angle of approximately 120-130ﾟ which has been observed in all the gymnodinioid dinoflagellates. The most unusual features of the flagellar apparatus of L.viride are the cu … More rved microtubular root (CMR) located in the dorsal portion of the transverse bassal body and the longitudinal striated root connective (LSR) which originates from th proximal end of longitudinal basal body and extends along the ventral-right edge of the LMR.These apparatus have never been reported in the other dinoflagellates. In addition, the LMR bent at nearly 90ﾟ at the proximal ends of basal bodies and a narrow striated fibrous connective linked the posterior part of the LMR with the microtubular bundle lying along the longitudinal flagellar canal and directing to the peduncle-like cytoplasmic projection. These features have never been detected in the other dinoflagellates. Conclusively, these results support the establishment of the genus Lepidodinium.The chloroplast small subunit (ssu) ribosomal (r) RNA gene of a green alga Chlamydomonas parkeae was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced and compared with those of the typical volvocalean algae and the prasinophycean alga Pyramimonas parkeae in order to get the basic knowledge for analysis on phylogeny of the chloroplasts of a green dinofllagellate, L.viride. As a result, Chlamydomonas and Pyramimonas were assignable to the different groups from each other. Based on the knowledge obtained, the phylogeny of the chloroplasts of L.viride can be demonstrated by sequencing the chloroplast ssu rRNA of L.viride and comparing it with the present results. Less