CO_2 action on the regulation of plant vernalization

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1. Effects of CO_2 on vernalization were investigated for revealing if CO_2 plays a regulatory role in the process of development in plants2. In Jappanese radish, the extent of seed vernalization decreased as CO_2 was observed under some water stressed conditions which restrict the growth of the plants, thus, the CO_2 action for regulation of seed vernalization was seems to arise independent of the retardation of growth by CO_2 application.3. The inhibitory actions of CO_2 on the vernalization were also observed in ungerminated seeds or greenn plants.4. Because the CO_2 action was further enhanced when it was applied with NBD or uniconazole, it may be possible to regulate the advancement of vernalization by coontrol the gaseous conditions.5. Plants in Erigeron canadensis, which is classified into summer annuals or biennials, were flowered and set fertile seeds within the year, when their ungerminated seeds were treated with cold temperature. This implys that the ungerminated seed vernalization may be one of the key factors which contribute to the evolution of plant life history ; biennials to annuals.