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Research on the direction of forestry management and continuous acquisition of the forestry laborers

林业经营方向与林业劳动力持续获取研究

基本信息

批准号：
04660164
负责人：
FUKUSHIMA Yasunori
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
MIE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Japanese forestry is now getting into a new stage of productivity, taking an opportunity of introducing the high-performance machine, contricuted by a part of logging companies and forest owners. At present two types of forest management may be set up as follows.1. Consistent management : This type of management is taken by forest owners who can afford to manage all the process from afforestation to log production. Many examples can be seen in old forestry regions, such as Kinki area, where expensive pillars are produced. This type is diveded into two sub-types such as 'large scale consistent management' using employed laborers, large machines, and high-density forest road system in high-standard and 'middle scale consistent management' using individual family laborers, small machines, and high-density forest road system in low-standard.2. Efficient managemaent for mass production : This type of management is taken by large scale sawmills, adopting high-performance machines. Many examples can be seen in the forestry regions such as Kyushu and Shikoku areas, where man-made forests grows fast, national forests are moderately distributed, and there are many middle-scale forest owners.Log production with high-performance forestry machines is, however, often associated with large scale clear cutting, which is apt to cause deterioration of the forest resources.Forest policy will be recommended to restore rural communities trough promoting to make use of the local resources, to manage forest resources properly through the institutional reconstruction of forest owners cooperatioves and the promotion of forest management by middle-scale forest owners, and to introduce high-performance forestry machines into the operation of thinning and selective cutting.

日本林业正以引进部分伐木公司和森林所有者制造的高性能机器为契机，进入生产力的新阶段。目前，森林经营可分为两种类型：1.一致的管理：森林所有者采取这种管理方式，他们有能力管理从植树造林到原木生产的所有过程。在古老的林区，例如近畿地区，可以看到许多例子，在那里生产昂贵的支柱。这一类型又可分为两个亚类型，即高标准的以雇佣劳动力、大型机械、高密度林道系统为主的“大规模持续经营”和低标准的以个体家庭劳动力、小型机械、高密度林道系统为主的“中规模持续经营"。大规模生产的高效管理：大型锯木厂采用高性能机器进行管理。在九州、四国等人工林生长迅速、国有林分布适度、中等规模林主众多的林业地区，可以看到许多这样的例子。然而，使用高性能林业机械进行原木生产通常与大规模皆伐相关，森林资源的退化，建议通过森林政策来恢复农村社区，促进对当地资源的利用，通过森林所有者合作社的机构重建和促进中等规模森林所有者的森林管理，妥善管理森林资源，并在间伐和择伐作业中引进高性能林业机械。