Highly oriented cellulose and determination of its crystal structure

(1)研究了木材纤维素微纤丝的特性，并与藻类和细菌纤维素微纤丝的晶格常数进行了比较。脱木素处理改变了木材纤维素的晶格常数。处理前，软木和一些硬木的常数与藻菌纤维素的常数非常相似。处理后的纤维素为棉-麻纤维素。这种改性类似于通过热处理将纤维素I-α转化为I-β。因此，针叶材和阔叶材的纤维素微纤丝存在显著差异。(2)植物木质素细胞壁的物理性质不同于非木质素细胞壁。纤维被拉长时，纤维素晶体发生变形，木材的晶体应变与纤维应变之比接近1，而苎麻纤维的晶体应变与纤维应变之比为1/3 ~ 1/2。苎麻纤维素转化为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型纤维素后，结晶度基本不变，但弹性模量变小，内表面积增大。(3)α甲壳素的空间群为P2_12_12_1。利用x-射线衍射和电子衍射研究了从沙基塔抓刺中提取的α-甲壳素。禁斑仅在电子衍射中观察到，当晶体的倒易轴旋转时，禁斑消失。根据这些观察，多次反射导致了禁止反射。教授

(1) Characteristics of cellulose microfibril from wood were investigated, and comparison was made on the crystal lattice constants with those from algal and bacteria. The lattice constants of wood cellulose changed by delignification treatment. Before the treatment the constants of softwoods and some hardwoods were very similar to those of algal-bacterial cellulose. After the treatment they were cotton-ramie cellulose. This modification was something like the conversion of cellulose I-alpha into I-beta by its thermal treatment. Consequently, there was significant difference between cellulose microfibril of softwoods and hardwoods.(2) Physical properties of lignified cell walls of plants are different from those of non-lignified ones. When fibers were elongated cellulose crystal deforms, and the ratio of crystal strain to the fiber strain of wood was nearly 1, on the other hand, that of ramie fibers was 1/3 to 1/2. Crystalinity of ramie cellulose was remained unchanged, but elastic modulus became small and inner surface increased when it was converted to II and III.(3) Space group of alpha chitin was found to be P2_1 2_1 2_1. We investigated alpha chitin from grasping spine of saggita by x-ray and electron diffractions. Forbidden spots was observed only by electron diffraction and they disappeared when the reciprocal axis of crystal was rotated. From those observation multiple reflections caused the forbidden reflections. Professor