Highly oriented cellulose and determination of its crystal structure

(1)研究了木质纤维素微纤维的特性，并与藻类和细菌纤维素微纤维的晶格常数进行了比较。脱木质素处理改变了木质纤维素的晶格常数。处理前，软木和部分硬木的常数与藻菌纤维素的常数非常接近。处理后为棉麻纤维素。这种修饰类似于通过热处理将纤维素i - α转化为i - β。因此，软木和硬木的纤维素微纤维存在显著差异。(2)植物木质化后细胞壁的物理性质与未木质化的细胞壁不同。当纤维被拉长时，纤维素晶体变形，木材的晶体应变与纤维应变之比接近1，而苎麻纤维的晶体应变之比为1/3 ~ 1/2。苎麻纤维素转化为II和III后，结晶度不变，但弹性模量变小，内表面增大。(3) α几丁质的空间群为P2_1 2_1 2_1。用x射线衍射和电子衍射法研究了牛爪棘中α几丁质的含量。禁止点仅通过电子衍射观察到，当晶体的倒轴旋转时，禁止点消失。从这些观测中，多重反射产生了禁止反射。教授

(1) Characteristics of cellulose microfibril from wood were investigated, and comparison was made on the crystal lattice constants with those from algal and bacteria. The lattice constants of wood cellulose changed by delignification treatment. Before the treatment the constants of softwoods and some hardwoods were very similar to those of algal-bacterial cellulose. After the treatment they were cotton-ramie cellulose. This modification was something like the conversion of cellulose I-alpha into I-beta by its thermal treatment. Consequently, there was significant difference between cellulose microfibril of softwoods and hardwoods.(2) Physical properties of lignified cell walls of plants are different from those of non-lignified ones. When fibers were elongated cellulose crystal deforms, and the ratio of crystal strain to the fiber strain of wood was nearly 1, on the other hand, that of ramie fibers was 1/3 to 1/2. Crystalinity of ramie cellulose was remained unchanged, but elastic modulus became small and inner surface increased when it was converted to II and III.(3) Space group of alpha chitin was found to be P2_1 2_1 2_1. We investigated alpha chitin from grasping spine of saggita by x-ray and electron diffractions. Forbidden spots was observed only by electron diffraction and they disappeared when the reciprocal axis of crystal was rotated. From those observation multiple reflections caused the forbidden reflections. Professor