Surface Active Properties and Soil Removal Ability of Biosurfactant

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The properties of carboxylic-type biosurfactant as detergents were investigated.Mono-, di- and trisodium salts of agaricic acid (2-hydroxy-1,2,3-nonadecanetricaboxylic acid) were prepared by neutralization with sodium methoxide. Monosodium salt of agaricic had the most ability for lowering surface tension and was best capable of soil removal in distillled water. In hard water, the removal ability of trisodium salt of agaricic acid which had the highest calcium binding capacity was retained at the same level as in distillled water.Also, five kinds of Corynomycolic acids (2-alky1-3hydroxy alkanoic acid) having definite alkyl chain lengths (carbon number = 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28) were synthesiztd by the following scheme : (1) Claisen ester condensation of ethyl alkanoate, (2) selective reduction of C=O to O-H by NaBH_4 and (3) hydrolysis of hydroxyester under alkaline condition. Surface tension and the interfacial tension between water and decane decrease significantly with increasing carbon numbers.