A Study on Career Developement of Middle-aged Female Teachers - Elementary and Junior high Schools Teachers of Mie Prefecture

本研究的目的在于实证了解国小中年女性教师的专业发展状况。1991年以三重县中小学教师为研究对象，以男性教师和青壮年教师为对照组，进行了邮寄问卷调查，共回收937份。考虑到上述对照组，我在1992年采访了56名教师。(1)中年女教师虽然在教学和辅导学生的初期遇到了许多困难，但她们的视野逐渐开阔，并掌握了各种解决问题的技巧。(2)由于他们已经意识到与学生和他们的大学监护人的关系的困难和限制，必须科普他们再次遇到的这些情况。(3)在教学生活中，女教师比男教师更容易受到危机的影响。他们在克服身份认同危机的过程中被迫重新组织自己的身份认同，从而在复杂的身份分化中继续发展自己的事业。(4)“专心教书型”和“学校和家庭并重型”的女教师较多。但目前在其成绩的基础上，“学校管理型”女教师的数量正在逐渐增加。由于教师的工作量无论是质的还是量的，都比他们开始教学时增加了，因此，“自我实现型”教师的工作量必然会减少。

Aim of this study is to make clear empirically the career development of middle-aged female teachers in elementary and junior high schools. Taking male teachers, and also young and aging teachers as a controlled group, I conducted a mail questionnaire survey amang the elementary and junior high school teachers of Mie prefecture in 1991 and 937 were returned. Considering the aforementioned controlled group, I interviewed 56 teachers in 1992.(1) Middle-aged female teachers, though they felt many difficulties in teaching and student guidance in their beginning period of teaching, have come to have a wide outlook and achived variou problem solving techniques.(2) Since they have become conscious of the difficulties and limitations with relationship to the guardians of the students and their colleages, must cope with these situations they encounter anew.(3) Female teachers are much more vulnerable to the crisis than male teachers in teaching life. They are urged to reorganize their identity in the process of overcoming the crisis attaching meaning to it. As a result, they continue to develop their own career through complex differentiation of identity.(4) "Devoted to teaching and guidance type" and "school and home eqally emphasing type" were found to have filled by many female teachers. But now on the basis of thier achievement, number of "school administration type" oriented female teachers are gradually increasing. Since the amounts of work, in respect of either quality or quantity, has been increased in comparison with their beginning teaching, the "self-fulfillment type" oriented teachers are lended inevitably to be decreased.