A Study on Career Developement of Middle-aged Female Teachers - Elementary and Junior high Schools Teachers of Mie Prefecture

本研究的目的在于实证分析中小学中年女教师的职业发展状况。1991年，我以男教师和青年、老年教师为对照，对三重县中小学教师进行了邮件问卷调查，回收937人。考虑到前面提到的控制组，我在1992年采访了56名教师。(1)中年女教师在初入教师岗位时，虽然在教学和指导学生方面遇到了很多困难，但现在她们的视野开阔了，解决问题的技巧也丰富了。由于他们已经意识到与学生和他们的同事的监护人关系的困难和局限性，他们必须处理他们再次遇到的这些情况。(3)女教师在教学生活中比男教师更容易受到危机的影响。在克服危机的过程中，他们被敦促重新组织自己的身份，并赋予其意义。因此，他们在复杂的身份分化中不断发展自己的事业。(4)“专教导型”和“校家并重型”被不少女教师所占据。而现在，在取得成绩的基础上，以“学校管理型”为导向的女教师数量正在逐渐增加。由于与他们开始教学相比，无论是在质量上还是在数量上，工作量都有所增加，因此以“自我实现型”为导向的教师不可避免地会减少。

Aim of this study is to make clear empirically the career development of middle-aged female teachers in elementary and junior high schools. Taking male teachers, and also young and aging teachers as a controlled group, I conducted a mail questionnaire survey amang the elementary and junior high school teachers of Mie prefecture in 1991 and 937 were returned. Considering the aforementioned controlled group, I interviewed 56 teachers in 1992.(1) Middle-aged female teachers, though they felt many difficulties in teaching and student guidance in their beginning period of teaching, have come to have a wide outlook and achived variou problem solving techniques.(2) Since they have become conscious of the difficulties and limitations with relationship to the guardians of the students and their colleages, must cope with these situations they encounter anew.(3) Female teachers are much more vulnerable to the crisis than male teachers in teaching life. They are urged to reorganize their identity in the process of overcoming the crisis attaching meaning to it. As a result, they continue to develop their own career through complex differentiation of identity.(4) "Devoted to teaching and guidance type" and "school and home eqally emphasing type" were found to have filled by many female teachers. But now on the basis of thier achievement, number of "school administration type" oriented female teachers are gradually increasing. Since the amounts of work, in respect of either quality or quantity, has been increased in comparison with their beginning teaching, the "self-fulfillment type" oriented teachers are lended inevitably to be decreased.