Grubgrabian - Epigravettian - Magdalenian. Characterization of the late Upper Palaeolithic in eastern Central Europe (c. 23.000-14.000 calBP) based on the osseous tools.

利用骨制工具，对中欧东部旧石器时代晚期的发展、年代和多样性进行了研究。这些文物，特别是弹丸，已被证明有很大的潜力，为表征考古地层单位及其时空结构。在奥地利、波兰和捷克共和国，越来越多的考古遗址的年代超过15，800 calBP，这表明人类在抹大拉纪晚期之前就已经存在于该地区。LGM后的重新安置方向（单向或双向？）以及考古地层单位（Epigravettien和/或Magdalénien？）有争议的讨论。参照地点Kammern-Grubgraben（奥地利）、Maszycka（波兰）、莫洛多娃五世（乌克兰）和科斯库鲁伊因此，对摩尔多瓦共和国的东部巴德古人的分类和部落进行了研究，并与西欧的目录进行了比较，以讨论东部巴德古人/部落的作用。Grubgrabian和Epigravetttian作为可能的Magdalénien sensu lato在东欧中欧地区起源的基底。对选定的有机人工制品进行的新的AMS测量应提供可靠的测年方法。

The development, chronology and diversity of the late Upper Palaeolithic in Eastern Central Europe will be investigated using the osseous tools. These artifacts, especially projectiles, have been shown to have great potential for the characterization of archaeostratigraphic units and their spatial and temporal structure. A growing number of archaeological sites in Austria, Poland and Czech Republic dated older than 15,800 calBP indicate human presence in the region already before the Late Magdalenian. Both the direction of the resettlement after the LGM (uni- or bidirectional?) as well as the classification of the archaeostratigraphic units (Epigravettien and/or Magdalénien?) are controversially discussed. The osseous assemblages of the reference sites Kammern-Grubgraben (Austria), Maszycka (Poland), Molodova V (Ukraine) and Cosăuţi (Republic of Moldova) are therefore examined focusing on typology and chaîne opératoire and compared with Western European inventories in order to discuss the role of the eastern Badegoulian / Grubgrabian and the Epigravettian as substrates for a possible regional origin of the Magdalénien sensu lato in Eastern Central Europe. New AMS measurements on selected organic artefacts should provide reliable dating approaches.