Technical improvements in plow design in Fukuoka Prefecture during the early modern period

近代福冈县犁设计的技术进步明治第一个十年后受聘为教官的某位外国人，对福冈县北部的传统犁特色赞不绝口，而日本痴迷于模仿西方文明时，一位外教称赞一种传统农具，对日本的农业政策产生了不成比例的影响。由于对他严肃的态度和教学热情的错误认可，日本政府决定帮助这种为福冈相对温和的条件开发的独特工具在日本全国推广，包括东北地区的大雪之国。不幸的是，这位德国人自然对稻田种植水稻的技术知之甚少，但他仍然遵循了国家政府发布的指令。他得到了他的日本工作人员的全力支持，他们都是优秀的学生，他们…更多地采用德国的寒地栽培技术，以适应季风季所需的湿水稻方法。这些因素的结合都导致了他对日本农业史的不利影响。这种科学技术在这些地理上相隔的国家之间的传播就是文化翻译的一个例子。正如人类偶尔会有因沟通失误而引发的搞笑事件一样，在这场农业技术的传播中，也有许多滑稽的插曲。例如，推荐在积雪两米的地区使用这款福冈犁几乎是可笑的，这种犁是为了在水稻收获后种植大麦而设计的。当地警察有时被动员起来执行这些建议。这一切都可能表明，日本人在认真对待这些建议时，有时往往忽视了理论与其内容的意义之间的联系和相对意义。此外，对实现变革的手段--语言和手势的盲目模仿--的过度关注也加剧了这一问题。这一准备工作并没有涵盖日本现代化的整体模式。在这个初步阶段，我采访了这个问题双方的参与者，并用档案研究证实了这些说法。较少

Technical improvements in plow design in Fukuoka Prefecture during the early modern periodA certain foreigner employed as an instructor after the first decade of the Meiji period admired the traditional plow characteristic of the north of Fukuoka prefecture.The fact that a foreign teacher praised a traditional agricultural implement when Japan was obsessed with imitating Western civilization exerted a disproportionate influence over Japanese agricultural policy. In a misplaced recognition of his serious demeanor and passion for teaching, the national government decided to assist the spread of this unique tool developed for Fukuoka's relatively temperate conditions throughout Japan, including the deep snow country of the Tohoku region.Unfortunately this German man naturally knew little about the techniques of cultivating rice in paddies but he nonetheless followed the directives issued by the national government. He had the full support of his Japanese staff, all excellent students, who … More adapted the cold soil cultivation techniques of Germany for the wet rice methods demanded by the monsoon season. This combination of factors all contributed to his untoward influence on Japanese agricultural history.This transmission of scientific techniques between these geographically separated countries is an example of cultural translation. Just as human beings occasionally have amusing incidents caused by miscommunication, there are many comic episodes in this transmission of agricultural technology. For example, recommending the use of this Fukuoka plow, designed to cultivate barley after the rice harvest, for use in areas that receive two meters of snow is almost laughable. Local police officers were sometimes mobilized to enforce these recommendations.This all might suggest how Japanese, in their earnestness, sometimes tend to lose sight of the connection between and relative significance of theory and the meaning of its content. This is compounded by putting too much attention on the slavish copying of language and gestures, the means of achieving change.This preparatory project does not encompass the overall pattern of Japanese modernisation. At this preliminary stage, I have interviewed participants from both sides of this question and have confirmed those accounts with archival research. Less