The Development in the Pearl River Delta and the Formation and Evolution of Rural Society

珠江三角洲的发展与乡村社会的形成与演变

• 批准号: 06610342
• 负责人: KATAYAMA Tsuyoshi
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Osaka University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610342/
• 关键词: the Pearl River Delta; natural villages; administrative villages; migration; development; territories; boundaries; the right of management and tillage; 集落(自然村); 農地; 排他的耕作権; 集落; 治水・水利; 村境

If we make real and steady image of the rural society which was formed and evolved in the Pearl River Delta, it is indispensable to make clear the realities of settlement level situated at the base of rural society. My project discusses 'the Xi-Beijiang Old Delta (*******)' out of the Pearl River Delta, especially Shunde (**) county from the 19th to the early 20th centuries, using gazetteer and map materials.As a result, it has become clear that : 1) if we define the smallest regional and social unit composed of adjoining houses as a settlement, the notion of settlement is nearly equivalent to that of natural village in contemporary China, we can regard a fang (*) or a she (*) as a settlement or a natural village ; 2) until about 1930s, an administrative village which should be grasped by the county government, was in fact composed of a natural village or a group of natural villages joining together spontaneously ; 3) with regard to the relations between a natural village or an adminis … More trative village and the cultivated land close to it, not only an administrative village but also a natural village had its own boundries and territories ; 4) its boundries and territories were characterized by unfixation and unstability ; 5) the subject of developing land, such as that of building up embankments on it, was closely connected with that of holding sway over it as territory ; 6) the phenomenon of 'bageng (**)' in the civil war from 1945 to 1949 suggests that, at the cultivated land in a natural village's territory, even other villagers could hold the right of ownership, but only the very villagers could hold the right of management and tillage.Among Chinese historical studies in Japan after World War II,it has been nearly a common opinion that there had not been 'village communities (*****)' in Chinese rural society before 1949. And the weghty basis of the opinion is the inexistance of village boundries and territories. The fruit of my project, however, demands to reexamine the charactor of Chinese rural society before 1949. It remains to be discussed whether the charactor of boundries and territories changed with the progress of development. Less

要对珠江三角洲形成和演变的乡村社会作出真实的、稳定的形象，就必须弄清处于乡村社会底层的聚落层面的现实。我的研究课题是利用地方志和地图资料，对19世纪至20世纪初珠江三角洲以外的“西北江旧三角洲”，特别是顺德县进行研究。结果表明：（1）如果我们将由相邻房屋组成的最小区域和社会单位定义为定居点，聚落的概念在当代中国与自然村落的概念几乎等同，我们可以把一方或一社看作聚落或自然村落;（2）直到20世纪30年代左右，一个应该由县政府掌握的行政村，在自然村与行政村的关系上，自然村与行政村之间的关系，行政村与行政村之间的关系 ...更多信息 行政村和自然村都有自己的边界和领地，其边界和领地具有不固定性和不稳定性，土地开发的主体，如土地上的建筑物的开发，与土地作为领地的控制，是紧密联系在一起的;（6）1945 - 1949年内战中的“八更”现象表明，在一个自然村的土地上，即使其他村民也可以拥有所有权，但只有村民才能拥有经营权和耕作权。在二战后日本的中国史研究中，摘要1949年以前的中国农村社会几乎没有“村社”。这种观点的重要依据是乡村边界和领地的不存在。然而，这一课题的成果要求我们重新审视1949年以前中国农村社会的特征。边界和疆域的性质是否随着开发的进程而发生变化，尚待讨论。少

项目成果

Tsuyoshi KATAYAMA: "Settlement and Cun in the Pearl River Delta during the Late Qing Period : Nanhai and Shunde Counties" MACHIKANEYAMA RONSO. No.28, History. 1-30 (1994)

片山刚：《清末珠江三角洲的聚落与村落：南海县和顺德县》町金山朗索。

Tsuyoshi KATAYAMA: "The Territories of Natural Villages and Administrative Villages in Shunde County in the Pearl River Delta during the Late Qing and Repubican Periods" ORIENTAL CULTURE. No.76. 163-199 (1996)

片山刚：《晚清民国时期珠江三角洲顺德县自然村和行政村的疆域》东方文化。

片山 剛: "珠江デルタの集落と「村」" 待兼山論叢(史学篇). 28. 1-30 (1994)

Tsuyoshi Katayama：“珠江三角洲的聚落和‘村庄’”Machikaneyama Ronsen（历史版）28. 1-30 (1994)。

片山 剛: "清末・民国期、珠江デルタ順徳県の集落と「村」の領域-旧中国村落の再検討へ向けて-" 東洋文化. 76. 163-199 (1996)

Tsuyoshi Katayama：“晚清和民国时期珠江三角洲顺德县的聚落和‘村庄’领土——对中国前村庄的重新审视——”东方文化，76。163-199（1996）。

片山 剛: "珠江デルタの集落と「村」-清末の南海県と順徳県-" 待兼山論叢(史学篇). 28. 1-30 (1994)

片山刚：“清末珠江三角洲的聚落与‘村落’——南海、顺德”町金山论书（历史版）28。1-30（1994）。