Chemical Ecology of Relationship between Japanese honeybee and oriental orchid as a model of animal-plant Gerolation

Sasaki等人报道了一种东方兰花，Cymbidium pumilum吸引日本蜜蜂作为传粉者。(1991)。我们观察到工蜂也被兰花所吸引。用吸附剂Tenax TA收集花中的挥发性化学物质，用戊烷解吸。戊烷溶液对工蜂和蜜蜂均有较强的引诱作用。对戊烷溶液进行硅胶柱层析和压实硅胶柱层析，提纯了引诱剂。经毛细管气相色谱-质谱分析，芳樟醇氧化物被提名为蜜蜂的首选引诱剂。我们还分析了日本蜜蜂的纳萨诺夫腺物质，证实了芳樟醇氧化物的存在。蜜蜂的纳萨诺夫腺信息素是一种具有物种特异性的引诱剂，是一种非常著名的引诱剂。在实验室生物测定中，10纳克的真正氧化芳樟醇能够吸引蜜蜂。这些结果表明，蓟马通过释放与蜜蜂相同的化学引诱剂来欺骗蜜蜂授粉。这是首次证实植物利用蜜蜂聚集信息素授粉的报道。

Sasaki et.al.reported an oriental orchid, Cymbidium pumilum attracts drons of the Japanese honeybee as polinators. (1991). We observed the workers are also attracted by the orchid. The volatile chemicals of the flowers were collected on absorvent Tenax TA and were desorbed by pentan. The pentan solution exhibited potent attractant activity to both workers and dron of Japanese honeybee. The pentan solution was conducted on silica gel and argentation silica gel column chromatography and purified the attractant. The purified active fraction was analyzed by capillary GC-MS and linalool oxide was nominated as first attractant candidate of the honeybee. We also analyzed the Nasanov's gland substances of Japanese honeybee and proved the presence of linalool oxide. Nasanov's gland pheromone of honeybee is species specific and very famous as attractant to nestmate. Ten nanogram of authentic linalool oxide was able to attract the honeybee on a laboratory bioassay. All the results indicate that the orthid decieves honeybee for the pollination by releaseing same chemial as an attractant of the heneybee. This is the first report to prove that plant uses honeybee aggregation pheromone for the pollination.