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The Role of Roots in Different Depth on Water Absorption of Potato

不同深度根系对马铃薯吸水作用的影响

基本信息

批准号：
06660012
负责人：
IWAMA Kazuto
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Two potato varieties with different root mass were examined in the irrigated and unirrigated fields with rain shelters to investigate the changes in water absorption at different depth during the growth, the effect of soil water condition on root development, and the relationship of varietal difference in root mass with transpiration rate, leaf growth and total dry matter production. Additionally four combinations of grafting plants produced with the two varieties were also compared in the present study.At the unirrigated plot the soil water was absorbed stepwise from the shallow depth downward and finally from the depth of 150 cm. The root length in the depth deeper than 20 cm was greater at the unirrigated plot than at the irrigated plot in both varieties. Although the varietal order in root length was consistent at both plots, the varietal difference was larger in the depth of 0-20 cm at the irrigated plot, while in the depth of 20-70 cm at the unirrigated plot. The leaf growth, transpiration rate and photosynthetic rate were severely depressed at the unirrigated plot in both varieties. The extent of the depressions, however, was greater in Konafubuki of smaller root length than in Norin 1 of larger root length. The depression of dry tuber yield by soil dryness was also greater in Konafubuki than in Norin 1. In the grafting plants, the stock genotypes mainly influenced the root growth at both plots and the extent of depressions in shoot and tuber growth at the unirrigated plot.We concluded that the difference in root growth between the two varieties was mainly due to the inherent characteristic in the dry matter partition between root and tuber, and corresponded to the drought tolerance.

以2个不同根质量的马铃薯品种为材料，在有避雨设施的水浇地和旱地上，研究了马铃薯生长过程中不同深度吸水量的变化、土壤水分状况对根系发育的影响以及根质量差异与蒸腾速率、叶片生长和总干物质生产的关系。另外，还比较了两个品种嫁接的4个组合，在不灌溉的地块上，土壤水分的吸收是由浅入深，最后由150 cm处开始逐步进行的。两个品种在20 cm以上深度的根长均是不灌溉区大于灌溉区。虽然两个试验区根长的品种顺序一致，但灌溉试验区根长在0-20 cm深度的品种差异较大，而非灌溉试验区根长在20-70 cm深度的品种差异较大。两个品种的叶片生长量、蒸腾速率和光合速率在不灌溉区均受到严重抑制。然而，在Konafubuki较小的根长度比在Norin 1较大的根长度的凹陷的程度更大。土壤干燥对干薯产量的抑制作用，Konafubuki也大于Norin 1。在嫁接植株中，砧木基因型主要影响两个试验区的根系生长和旱地地上部和块茎生长的抑制程度，说明两个品种根系生长的差异主要是由于干物质在根-块茎间分配的固有特性，与耐旱性有关。