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Analysis of genetic variation in wheat for root penetration ability to hard soil layer

小麦根系穿透硬土层能力的遗传变异分析

基本信息

批准号：
15380010
负责人：
IWAMA Kazuto
金额：
$ 9.86万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It is afraid that under future global warming the shortage of water becomes more serious beyond the present and the plant water absorption from the soil becomes the main factor which regulates the productivity of the crop in many areas of the world. To maintain food production corresponding to the population growth of the world, we need to make available for the crops to absorb the unused water existing in deep soil by improving root PA to hard soil layers (root PA). The present research examined the genetic variation and its heredity style about root PA of wheat, and the following results were obtained.1. A pot with a paraffin-Vaseline mixed layer (PV pot), which was suitable for the measurement of root PA in wheat, was developed. It was verified that a genotypic difference in root PA in fields with hard soil layer agreed well with those evaluated by the test with PV pot.2. Root PA evaluated with PV pot in modern high yielding cultivars of the durum wheat bred by ICARDA and CIMMYT was inferior to that of Ethiopian land races which grew well in fields with hard soil layers. Moreover, a big variation existed in the root PA tested for the domestic bread wheat genotypes, suggesting that superior genotypes could be used as the heredity resources to improve root PA.3. Root PA of isogenic lines of durum wheat about dwarf which controls plant length and harvest index was compared. Significant relations between dwarf and root PA weren' t recognized, indicating that the two characters were hereditarily independent. Furthermore, QTL related to root PA was located in the head arm extreme bottom part of the chromosome 6A was defined in the map group of durum wheat.

在未来全球变暖的情况下，水资源的短缺将比现在更加严重，植物从土壤中吸收水分将成为世界许多地区调节作物生产力的主要因素。为了保持粮食产量与世界人口增长相适应，我们需要通过将根PA提高到硬土层（根PA）来使作物能够吸收深层土壤中存在的未使用的水。本研究对小麦根系PA的遗传变异及其遗传方式进行了研究，主要结果如下：1.研制了一种适用于小麦根系PA测定的石蜡-凡士林混合层罐（PV罐）。证实了硬土层土壤根系PA的基因型差异与PV盆栽试验结果一致.用PV盆栽评价了ICARDA和CIMMYT育成的现代高产硬粒小麦品种的根PA，其根PA低于在硬土层中生长良好的埃塞俄比亚地方品种。此外，国内面包小麦基因型间根系PA存在较大的变异，表明上级基因型可作为改良根系PA的遗传资源.比较了控制株长和收获指数的矮秆型硬粒小麦等基因系根系PA的差异。矮秆与根PA的相关不显著，说明这两个性状在遗传上是独立的。在硬粒小麦图谱群中，定位了与根PA相关的QTL，定位于第6A染色体头臂最下部。