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Studies on the breeding of heat-tolerant spinach.

耐热菠菜育种研究.

基本信息

批准号：
06660041
负责人：
SUGIYAMA Shintaro
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Keisen Jogakuen Junior College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The authors are trying to create spinach cultivar having heat-tolerance through artificial crossing or protoplast fusion between spinach and its allied genus.1. In the process of this studies, the heat-tolerance test was carried out using eight cvs.of spinach and one cv.of chard, which is an allied genus of spinach. Consequently, it was found that chard and Taiwan local variety were superior to other cultivars of spinach in both the yield and quality under high temperature conditions. So, it was clarified that chard and Taiwan local variety were excellent materials for breeding of spinach to incorporate the heat-tolerance.2. F_1 plants between Taiwan local variety and summer varieties in spinach were compared to the growth characteristics of both parents. As a result, F_1 plants between Taiwan and Okame showed the highest heterosis. In F_2 and F_3 plants, the heterosis of these plants were higher than both parents.3. Crossing a lot of flowers of spinach (cvs.Lead and Okame) with pollen of chard (cv.Aokuki), 54plants in total were obtained. In the morphological observation, plant shape of these plants resembled the mother plants. It was showed that these plants were originated from parthenogenesis of spinach by stimulation of chard pollen as a result of histological investigation.4. In the protoplast culture of spinach and chard, we clarified various conditions for colony and callus formation at high frequency on the mesophyll protoplast culture of spinach. We now plan to induce regeneration plants from these callus and also investigate the procedure of protoplast fusion between spinach and chard.

作者试图通过菠菜与其近缘属的人工杂交或原生质体融合，培育耐热菠菜品种。 1．在本研究过程中，使用八个品种的菠菜和一个品种的甜菜（菠菜的近缘属）进行了耐热性测试。结果发现，在高温条件下，甜菜和台湾本地品种的菠菜产量和品质均优于其他菠菜品种。表明甜菜和台湾地方品种是菠菜耐热育种的优良材料。 2．比较了台湾地方品种和夏季品种菠菜F_1植株的双亲生长特性。结果，台湾和Okame之间的F_1植物表现出最高的杂种优势。 F_2和F_3植株的杂种优势均高于双亲。 3．将许多菠菜花（cvs.Lead 和 Okame）与甜菜花粉（cv.Aokuki）杂交，总共获得 54 株植物。从形态观察来看，这些植物的株形与母株相似。组织学研究结果表明，这些植物是由菠菜在甜菜花粉的刺激下孤雌生殖而产生的。 4．在菠菜和甜菜的原生质体培养中，我们阐明了菠菜叶肉原生质体培养中菌落和愈伤组织高频形成的各种条件。我们现在计划从这些愈伤组织中诱导再生植物，并研究菠菜和甜菜之间的原生质体融合过程。