Technology Transfer or Exchange of Ideas? Technological and Typological Investigations on the Chipped Stone Industry of the Late PPNA and EPPNB (9th mill. calBC) in a North-South Comparison: The Example Mushash 163 / Jordan

技术转让还是思想交流？后期PPNA和EPPNB(9)厂刨花石工业的技术和类型调查。在新石器时代（约公元前10,000 - 6,000 calBC）中，第9千年calBC形成了一个特别重要的时期。野生物种的驯化过程，早在公元10世纪就开始了。完成了calBC，并实施了岩屑生产中的重要技术创新。第九磨坊。calBC分为三个文化时期：前陶器新石器时代晚期A / PPNA (9800-8600 calBC)，前陶器新石器时代早期B / EPPNB （8600-8300/8200 calBC）和前陶器新石器时代中期开始B / MPPNB（从8200 calBC开始）。其中，EPPNB的特点长期以来一直是争议的主题。科学辩论的一个重要方面涉及所谓的双向核心和叶片技术的出现和传播，其起源长期以来一直被怀疑是在幼发拉底河中部地区。这项新技术的重点是生产几乎标准化的长而均匀的叶片初级产品，这是次要产品的基础，包括各种诊断弹丸点。由于黎凡特南部遗址的密度不断增加，现在可以对EPPNB进行更有区别的评估，特别是关于岩屑工业和绝对定年。PPNA晚期和EPPNB时期最重要的新遗址之一是位于安曼以东约40公里的Mushash 163定居点，该定居点于2014年至2017年之间挖掘。9号磨坊里大量的碎石。calBC)，结合来自所有相关背景的大量14C数据序列，可以对石器发展进行有充分根据的地层-年代分析，并对新石器时代早期技术创新的传播进行新的陈述。从Mushash 163开始的岩屑工业工作的初步结果表明，在幼发拉底河中部地区几乎同时出现了技术发展，并允许对迄今为止关于EPPNB复合体形成和扩散的假设进行审查。所要求的经费用于对岩石发现的最后评价和对结果的解释。

Technology Transfer or Exchange of Ideas? Technological and Typological Investigations on the Chipped Stone Industry of the Late PPNA and EPPNB (9th mill. calBC) in a North-South Comparison: The Example Mushash 163 / Jordan Within the neolithization process (c. 10,000 – 6,000 calBC), the 9th millennium calBC forms a particularly significant period of time. The domestication process of wild species, which began already in the 10th mill. calBC, is accomplished, and important technological innovations within the lithic production are implemented. The 9th mill. calBC is divided into three cultural periods: The late Pre-Pottery Neolithic A / PPNA (9800-8600 calBC), the early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B / EPPNB (8600-8300/8200 calBC) and the beginning of the middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B / MPPNB (from 8200 calBC). Of these, the EPPNB has long been the subject of controversy with regard to its characteristics. An essential aspect of the scientific debate concerns the emergence and spread of the so-called bidirectional core and blade technology, whose origin has since long been suspected in the middle Euphrates region. This new technique focuses on the production of almost standardized primary products of long, uniform blades, which form the basis for the secondary products, including various diagnostic projectile points.Due to the increasing density of sites in the southern Levant, a more differentiated evaluation of the EPPNB is now possible, especially with regard to the lithic industries and the absolute dating. One of the most important new sites from the period of the late PPNA and EPPNB is the settlement Mushash 163, located about 40 km east of Amman, which was excavated between 2014 and 2017. The broad spectrum of chipped stones from the 9th mill. calBC), in combination with an extensive sequence of 14C data from all relevant contexts, allows a well-founded stratigraphic-chronological analysis of lithic development and new statements on the spread of technological innovations in the Early Neolithic period. The preliminary results of the work on the lithic industries from Mushash 163 point to almost simultaneous technological developments as in the middle Euphrates region and allow a review of the hypotheses formulated so far on the formation and spread of the EPPNB complex. The requested funds are intended for the final evaluation of the lithic finds and the interpretation of the results.