Research on Physics Education in University-Individualization and Diversification in Physics Education

如何教育高中阶段没有学过物理的学生，是大学初中物理教育面临的一个严峻问题。学生们对物理有广泛的基本成就和兴趣。最近，所谓的“讨厌物理”在学生中变得突出起来。本研究针对这一现状，为一年级学生开设了物理课程，并对其进行了教学改革，将物理教育分为基础课程和高级课程。基础课由物理学基础知识组成。高级课程主要包括当前的热门领域和应用领域，如医学物理。在基础课程中，我们部分设计了一个计算机辅助学习系统，以根据学生的不同能力来补充讲课的内容。该系统利用超文本来帮助学生了解学习领域的整体形象，同时使我们能够根据学生的能力采取适当的措施。在高级课程中，学生利用数据库搜索自己需要的数据，并对自己的学科进行研究和学习。该数据库主要由学生在期刊上发表的文章信息组成。此外，我们设计了课程，让他们可以体验各种工作流程，如信息处理以管理文献和小型会议来展示他们的研究结果。根据对学生的问卷调查，他们普遍对课程表现出积极的反应。另一方面，仍有一些问题有待解决，如缺乏人力和计算机设备、更新数据库记录等。

One of the serious problems in the physics educatioin in junior course at the universities is how to educate those who have not studied physics at high school. The students have a broad spectrum of their basic achievements and interests in physics. Recently, so-called "disliking physics" becomes outstanding among the students. In this research, in order to cope wiht the situation we devised physics courses for the first grade students and paerformed them.We organized the physics education in two courses, basic and advanced ones. The basic course consists of the basics of physics. The advanced course mainly consists of currently topical fields and application areas such as medical physics. In the latter course the students can perform voluntary learning according to their own interests and concerns.In the basic course, we partly devised a computer-aided learning system for the purpose to complement the lectures in accordance with varieties of the students' abilities. This system utilizes hypertext to facilitate students' understanding of the whole image of the learning field and, at the same time, enables us to take adequate measures according to the students' abilities.In the advanced course, the students utilize the database for searching the data necessary for the them-selves and perform research and study of their subjects. The database mainly consists of the information on articles in journals available for students. Further, we programd the course so that they could experience various working processes such as information processing to manage the literature and a mini-conference to present the results of their studies.According to the questionnaire to the students, they generally showed positive reactions to the course. On the other hand, there remain problems to be settled such as the lack of manpower and computer equipment, updating of the database records, and so forth.