Semantics of Natural-and Artificial Language in the Leibniz's Philosophy of Language

莱布尼茨语言哲学中的自然语言和人工语言的语义

• 批准号: 06801002
• 负责人: MATSUDA Tsuyoshi
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: Kyusyu Institute of Design
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06801002/
• 关键词: Leibniz; Natural Language; Semantic; Arbitrarity of Sign; Adamic Language; Postleibnizian Philosophy of Language; 言語哲学

The focus of the article, "The Natural Language in Leibniz" is the semantics of natural language in his system of philosophy. By now it has not been so intensively treated. In that paper we see the problematics, on the one hand from the comparative linguistic or 'etymological' point of view and other, from the epistemological. We confirm a paralellism between the philosophy of language founded on the semantics of the 'structural analogy' , and the metaphysics of 'conceptualism' . At the same time we point out that natural languages have the ground and possibility in this semantics, to 'evolve' the expression of the 'reality' , which is the aim of the science. We discuss about also the thesis of 'the arbitrarity of sign', 'adamic language' and the conflict of the relativity-thesis of languages with monadology of natural languages, in addition to the role of the semantics in the artificial language as universal characteristics.And in this research we try to explicate the history of philosophy of language in both pre-and postleibinzian era. Especially the research about Hamann, Herder and Humboldt is important for us, to make out the leibnizian elements and the shift of perspectives in their critics to the kantian and german idealism. From these we can name 'metacritic' of kantian epistemology in Hamann, the opposition to the thesis of the arbitarity of sign and romantic deviation in Herder and 'linguistic turn' of transcendental philosophy in Humboldt. The next tasks of our research should revise the leibnizian philosophy of language in the contemporary contexts. By this revision we mean, that we are to approach to science from the standpoint of leibnizian semiotic or philosophy of language. Just this interest fades out in their way of thinking after Leibniz.

《莱布尼茨的自然语言》一文的重点是他的哲学体系中自然语言的语义。到目前为止，它还没有得到如此集中的治疗。在那篇论文中，我们一方面从比较语言学或“词源学”的角度来看问题，另一方面从认识论的角度来看问题。我们确认了建立在“结构类比”语义基础上的语言哲学与“概念主义”形而上学之间的相似性。同时我们指出，自然语言在这种语义上具有基础和可能性，以“进化”“现实”的表达，这是科学的目标。除了语义在人工语言中作为普遍特征的作用之外，我们还讨论了“符号的任意性”、“亚当语言”以及语言相对论与自然语言单子论的冲突。在这项研究中，我们试图阐明莱宾茨之前和之后的语言哲学史。尤其是对哈曼、赫尔德和洪堡的研究对于我们了解莱布尼茨的成分以及他们对康德主义和德国唯心主义的批评视角的转变非常重要。由此我们可以命名为哈曼的康德认识论的“元批评”，赫尔德的对符号任意性和浪漫主义偏差的反对，以及洪堡的先验哲学的“语言转向”。我们下一步的研究任务应该是在当代语境下修正莱布尼茨的语言哲学。通过这一修订，我们的意思是，我们将从莱布尼茨符号学或语言哲学的立场来接近科学。在莱布尼茨之后，这种兴趣在他们的思维方式中逐渐消失。

项目成果

湯川 佳一郎・小林 道夫 編集: "デカルト読本" 法政大学出版局(近刊予定),

汤川敬一郎、小林道夫编：《笛卡尔读本》法政大学出版社（即将出版），

Matsuda Tsuyoshi: " "The Natural Language in Leibniz"" Annual Review of The Kansai Philosophical Association. No.3. 128-137 (1995)

松田刚：《莱布尼茨的自然语言》关西哲学会年评。

ed.Yukawa K.& Kobayashi M.: " "The Descartes Reader"" The Press of Hosei University. (forth coming).

汤川 K.编辑

宗像惠・中岡成文編: "西洋哲学史近代編" ミネルヴァ書房(未定), (1995)

宗像惠、中冈茂文（编）：《西方哲学近代史》密涅瓦书房（待定），（1995）

ed.Munakata K.& Nakaoka N.: " "The History of Western Philosophy. Modern time"" Minerva. 1-308 (1995)

宗像 K. 编