Room temp. reduction of metal oxides by mechanical alloying

我们用机械合金化的方法考察了金属氧化物在室温下的还原情况。在固体还原剂的作用下，通过球磨固体金属氧化物粉末，在力的作用下会发生非平衡化学反应。(1)银氧化物(Ag_2O、Ag_2O_2)、(2)铜氧化物(Cu2O、CuO)、(3)氧化锌(ZnO)和(4)铁氧化物(FeO、Fe_3O_4、Fe_2O_3)。用碳粉作还原剂。(1)和(2)都是成功的，所以工业化的可能性很大。预测了金属氧化物的前处理对反应的影响。反应系统：SPEX 8000混合器。实验(1)(银)：将初级和次级氧化物都还原为金属银，时间较短，为20或30分钟。这些反应是短暂的。实验(2)(铜)：在两种氧化物中100或200小时后得到金属铜粉。实验(3)(锌)：粗氧化锌容易吸附H_2O，因此需要进行前处理，即焙烧。实验(4)(铁)：实现了赤铁矿(Fe_2O_3)向磁铁矿(Fe_3O_4)的还原，但下列反应中断。结果表明，由于粉末与反应器之间的粘附性而引起的停顿，使所投入的机械能松弛。

We examined the reduction of metal oxides at room temperature by mechanical alloying method. Through ball-milling the solid metal oxide powders with solid reductant, the non-equilibrium chemical reactions are induced by force. 4 systems were carried out ; (1) silver oxides (Ag_2O,Ag_2O_2), (2) cupper oxides (Cu_2O,CuO), (3)zinc oxide (ZnO) and (4) iron oxides (FeO,Fe_3O_4, Fe_2O_3). Carbon powders were used for reductant. (1) and (2) were successful, so there is good possibility of the industrialization. And It was predicted that the pretreatment of the metal oxides was important for the reactions.Reactor System : Spex 8000 mixer was used for the experiments. The reactor were produced by way of trial with zirconia (volume = 60cc).Exp.(1) (Silver) : Both of the primary and the secondary oxides were reduced to metallic silver for comparatively short period, 20 or 30 minutes. Those reactions were momentary.Exp.(2) (Copper) : Metallic copper powder were obtained after 100 or 200 hours in the both oxides. Those reactions were continuously inactive.Exp.(3) (Zinc) : The raw ZnO easily adsorps H_2O,therefore the pretreatment, roasting, is necessary. With excess carbon, the reaction advanced inactively.Exp.(4) (Iron) : The reduction from hematite (Fe_2O_3) to magnetite (Fe_3O_4) were achieved, however the following reactions were interrupted. It is suggested that the interruption caused from that the adhesion of the powders to the reactor relaxd the invested mechanical energy.