A Study on The post-earthquake international assistance for the enhancement of its effectiveness

提高震后国际援助有效性研究

• 批准号: 06808043
• 负责人: SHIONO Keishi
• 金额: $ 1.02万
• 依托单位: Nagaoka National College of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06808043/
• 关键词: Earthquake Disaster; International Assistance; Disaster Countermeasures; Decision Support; 有志決定支援; 最適化; 意思決定支援

We, first, collected two types of disaster data, namely : (1) Response and reconstruction for the period from emergency to reconstruction phase ; (2) International assistance in past earthquake disasters. Response and reconstruction data were collected from the 1972 Nicaragua, Managua earthquake, the 1976 Tangshan, China earthquake, and the 1992 Erzincan, Turkey earthquake. Assistance data were collected from the 1988 Spitak, Armenia earthquake, the 1992 Erzincan, Turkey earthquake, and 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake.We, then, analyzed the collected data to find ways for the improvement of international assistance in a disaster.We derived a generic idea for the progress of post-disaster activities in a affected area, ranging from emergency response to long-term rehabilitation, so that we were able to broadly identify possible needs for international assistance. In some disasters, affected areas needed a period of 10 to 20 years to complete their rebuilding of dwellings, infrastructures, and public facilities. Donating countries may find their opportunities in the assistance of long-term recovery.On the other hand, we examined the actual state of international assistance on the basis of the collected data. Countries involved in assisting activities, types of assistance (in terms of : human, material, or financial support), and the relationship between the offer of assistance and its acceptance were investigated. Several tendencies, such as the fact that receiving countries prefer to accept financial support, while many donating countries proposed human resources, were found out.We, finally, discussed possible relationship between "long-term disaster assistance" and assistance for regional development. Development assistance for an affected area may be an acceptable form of disaster assistance, in which donating countries can find many opportunities and receiving countries can acceptably handle the need.

我们首先收集了两类灾害数据，即：（1）从紧急状态到重建阶段的响应和重建;（2）过去地震灾害的国际援助。从1972年尼加拉瓜马那瓜地震、1976年中国唐山地震和1992年土耳其埃尔津坎地震中收集了响应和重建数据。本研究收集了1988年亚美尼亚斯皮塔克地震、1992年土耳其埃尔津坎地震和1995年兵库县南部地震的援助数据，并对这些数据进行了分析，以寻找改善灾害中国际援助的方法。我们得出了受灾地区从紧急应对到长期重建的灾后活动进展的一般性想法，以便我们能够广泛地确定可能需要的国际援助。在一些灾害中，受灾地区需要10至20年的时间才能完成住房、基础设施和公共设施的重建。另一方面，我们根据收集到的数据，对国际援助的实际状况进行了分析。调查了参与援助活动的国家、援助类型（人力、物质或财政支助）以及提供援助与接受援助之间的关系。通过分析，发现了受援国倾向于接受财政援助，而捐助国则倾向于提供人力资源等几种倾向，并探讨了“长期灾害援助”与区域发展援助之间可能存在的关系。为受影响地区提供发展援助可能是一种可接受的灾难援助形式，捐助国可以找到许多机会，而受援国也可以以可接受的方式满足需求。

项目成果

塩野計司: "被災国の所得水準を考慮した震害態様の分析" 総合都市研究. 54. 137-143 (1994)

Keiji Shiono：“考虑受灾国收入水平的地震灾害模式分析”综合城市研究 54. 137-143 (1994)。

Keishi Shiono: "Inclusion of income levels of affected countries in the assessment of disaster characteristics" Comprehensive Urban Studies. No.54. 137-143 (1994)

Keishi Shiono：“将受影响国家的收入水平纳入灾害特征评估”综合城市研究。

塩野計司・他: "被災国の所得水準を考慮した震害態様の分析" 総合都市研究. 54. 137-143 (1994)

Keiji Shiono 等人：“考虑受影响国家收入水平的地震灾害模式分析”一般城市研究 54. 137-143 (1994)。