Voluntary Participation in the Two German Dictatorships

自愿参与德国两次独裁统治

• 批准号: 445491102
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Christiane Kuller
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl Neuere und Zeitgeschichte und Geschichtsdidaktik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/445491102?language=en
• 关键词: Voluntary; Participation; Two; German; Dictatorships

This project focuses on how employees of the state administration voluntarily conformed to the system during each of the two German dictatorships in the 20th century, by separately studying voluntary participation under National Socialism and in the GDR. Although participation is usually equated to ideological conviction, this assumption obscures not only the broad spectrum of motivations but also the antinomies inherent to the rule and everyday reality of these dictatorships. In contrast, this subproject is based on the concept of "Eigen-Sinn" (Lüdtke) and uses a subject-oriented approach to illuminate individual interpretations. Following Michel Foucault's conception of governmentality, the subproject pays particular attention to the relationship between external rule and self-government in the context of the coercion and violence of these dictatorships. When the violent enforcement of compliance is deemed to be legitimate, the very concept of voluntary activity under such conditions comes into question.The subproject pursues four goals: First, it adds to standard approaches to research into the political and organizational history of administration by including the subjective analysis of the actors involved as a level of analysis, which has often been designated as a desideratum. Secondly, combined with the research to resistance activities, which already engages with the problem of individual motivation, the subproject will open up a broader and different view into the motives for behavior under dictatorial rule and thus add to the existing context of academic research in this field. Thirdly, the subproject adds to debates surrounding the concept of a “new statehood” in the two German dictatorships by making visible various—and in part long-standing—orders of knowledge and logics of power. Fourthly, the subproject is a touchstone for the applicability of this research group's approach to the study of dictatorships. Differences and similarities within the social organization of dictatorship and democracy can be discerned more clearly by using the approach of voluntariness.The subproject examines the relevance of voluntariness for the normative order of authoritarian rule, as a resource for self-efficacy in individual action, and as a form of strategic self-stylization. To this end, published and unpublished material from the historical discussion on administrative culture will be evaluated with regard to references to the normative power of voluntariness. The results will then be compared with regional and local case studies. The formalistic character of bureaucratic sources presents a methodological challenge. Therefore, the subproject will focus on conflicts and unusual constellations, which explicitly reflect processes of clarifying norms and practices. Additionally, sources with a post-dictatorial point of view regarding these cases will also be included.

本项目通过分别研究国家社会主义和德意志民主共和国的自愿参与情况，重点研究在20世纪两次德国独裁统治期间，国家行政机关的雇员是如何自愿遵守这一制度的。虽然参与通常等同于意识形态的信念，但这种假设不仅模糊了广泛的动机，也模糊了这些独裁统治和日常现实中固有的矛盾。相比之下，这个子项目是基于“Eigen-Sinn”（l<s:1> dtke）的概念，并使用以主题为导向的方法来阐明个人的解释。遵循米歇尔·福柯（Michel Foucault）的治理概念，子项目特别关注这些独裁政权的强制和暴力背景下的外部统治与自治之间的关系。当暴力强制遵守被认为是合法的时候，在这种情况下自愿活动的概念本身就受到了质疑。该子项目追求四个目标：首先，它增加了研究行政的政治和组织历史的标准方法，包括对所涉行为者的主观分析，作为一种分析水平，这通常被指定为一种期望。其次，结合已经涉及个人动机问题的抵抗活动的研究，子项目将为独裁统治下的行为动机开辟更广阔和不同的视角，从而增加该领域学术研究的现有语境。第三，子项目增加了围绕两个德国独裁政权的“新国家地位”概念的争论，通过使各种（部分是长期存在的）知识秩序和权力逻辑可见。第四，子项目是本研究小组研究专政方法适用性的试金石。独裁和民主的社会组织内部的异同可以通过使用自愿的方法更清楚地辨别出来。该子项目考察了自主性与威权统治规范秩序的相关性，作为个人行动中自我效能的资源，以及作为一种战略自我风格化的形式。为此，我们将对历史上关于行政文化的讨论中已发表和未发表的材料进行评估，以参考自愿性的规范性力量。然后将结果与区域和地方案例研究进行比较。官僚资料的形式主义特征对方法论提出了挑战。因此，子项目将重点关注冲突和不寻常的星座，它们明确地反映了澄清规范和实践的过程。此外，对这些案件持后独裁观点的消息来源也将包括在内。