Voluntary Return in Repatriation and Remigration Processes of Migrant Laborers (1960-2000)

农民工遣返移民过程中的自愿回归（1960-2000年）

• 批准号: 445492755
• 负责人: Dr. Florian Wagner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Neuere und Zeitgeschichte und Geschichtsdidaktik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/445492755?language=en
• 关键词: Voluntary; Return; Repatriation; Remigration; Processes

This subproject investigates voluntary remigration of migrant workers in Western Europe between 1960 and 2000, focusing on the voluntary return of guest workers from West Germany since the mining crisis of 1958. The very concept of "guest" workers implied their return, with Western Europe pushing for the voluntary nature of remigration in order to maintain its liberal self-image. Its ethnonationalist worldview portrayed migration as unnatural and voluntary return as the norm and a matter of course. The central question is thus to what extent migrant workers subjectivized this dispositif of voluntariness and returned voluntarily, or whether they made voluntary decisions under autonomous migrant conditions. The aim is to find out whether liberal societies governmentally brought about the voluntary return of migrant workers, or whether they made return decisions independently of the host countries’ norm-setting voluntariness. To examine the conditions of voluntary action in remigration processes, the subproject combines postcolonial and governmentality studies. First, a focus on migrant agency helps to explore an independent migrant voluntariness, whose conditioning factors were independent of the host countries’ governmental definitions of voluntariness. Second, we ask to what extent remigration can be voluntary if implicit structures of discrimination condition it, yet without the explicit exercise of coercion. Third, the contrast between autonomy and determination will be resolved by asking to which extent a normative-ethical concept of voluntariness emerged and had governmental or even consensual effects. Each of these three questions examines four conditioning factors of voluntariness in return migration: the "second generation," gender relations, religious norms, and ideals of age and health. By examining postcolonial, governmental, and normative-ethical dimensions of voluntariness, the subproject adopts the questions of the collaborative project and differentiates them with regard to practices and concepts of voluntariness special to migrant. Two articles and a monograph will be the main outcome.

这个分项目调查1960年至2000年期间西欧移徙工人自愿重新移徙的情况，重点是自1958年矿业危机以来来自西德国的外来工人自愿返回的情况。“客工”的概念本身就意味着他们的回归，西欧为了保持其自由主义的自我形象，推动了重新移民的自愿性质。它的民族主义世界观将移徙描绘为非自然的，将自愿返回描绘为规范和理所当然的事情。因此，核心问题是，移徙工人在多大程度上主观化了这种非自愿性的倾向，并自愿返回，或者他们是否在自主的移徙条件下自愿作出决定。其目的是查明自由社会是否通过政府促成了移徙工人的自愿返回，或者他们是否独立于东道国制定规范的非自愿性而作出返回决定。为了审查再移民过程中自愿行动的条件，该分项目将后殖民研究和治理研究结合起来。首先，对移民中介的关注有助于探索独立的移民非自愿性，其制约因素独立于东道国政府对非自愿性的定义。第二，我们要问的是，在没有明确的强制的情况下，如果隐性的歧视结构限制了再移民，那么再移民在多大程度上可以是自愿的。第三，自主和决定之间的对比将通过询问非自主性的规范伦理概念在多大程度上出现并具有政府甚至共识的影响来解决。这三个问题中的每一个都考察了四个制约因素，即“第二代”、性别关系、宗教规范以及年龄和健康的理想。 通过研究非自愿性的后殖民、政府和规范伦理层面，该子项目采用了合作项目的问题，并就移民特有的非自愿性的做法和概念对它们进行了区分。两篇文章和一本专著将是主要成果。