Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment and Life Protection

停止生命维持治疗和生命保护

• 批准号: 446840645
• 负责人: Dr. Grischa Merkel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Publication Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2019-12-31 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/446840645?language=en
• 关键词: Withdrawal; Life; Sustaining; Treatment; Protection

The manuscript covers criminal as well as ethical legal aspects of the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. The withdrawal of treatment is not, as usually, assigned to a single crim-inal doctrine. Rather, it is divided into different cases considering the stage of the disease in which treatment is withdrawn as well as the constitution of the patient, and his ability to judge and feel. Therefore, in the case of a mentally incapable patient who is still able to experience bodily harm, a withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment might under specific conditions be jus-tified by an emergency reason. Whilst in the case of a mentally capable patient as well as in the case of a former mentally capable patient, who is in possession of a patient decree, the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment can be regarded as an act of suicide with the support of a doctor, serving only as a medium. In the process, the active causation of the patient’s death on the one hand, as well as the new law forcing the doctor not only to respect the actual patient’s will, but also to apply the patient decree, on the other hand, are emphasized. The particularity of this model is, that not only the idea to implement the legal construction of in-direct participation is addressed. To make sure, the patient’s will is sufficiently intense, also the requirements of the illegal but mitigating killing on demand (euthanasia) are integrated in the concept, delegating an obviously unreasonable decision of the patient back to himself or at least preventing the immediate realization of this decision. Regarding patients in a vegetative state with probably permanent loss of consciousness, another entirely new approach is pre-sented: By saying that the right not to be bodily harmed is more important for these patients than the right to live, the patient’s will must still be respected. However, in this “postsensual” condition the patient’s will can be construed by related persons without harming the patient.

该手稿涵盖了撤销维持生命治疗的刑事和伦理法律的方面。撤销治疗并不像通常那样归于一个单一的医学理论。相反，它被分为不同的情况下，考虑到疾病的阶段，其中治疗被撤回，以及病人的体质，和他的判断和感觉的能力。因此，在精神上无行为能力的病人仍然能够经历身体伤害的情况下，在特定情况下，可以紧急理由为撤回维持生命的治疗提供理由。对于精神上有行为能力的病人，以及持有病人判令的前精神上有行为能力的病人，停止维持生命的治疗可被视为在医生的支持下自杀，而医生只是一个媒介。在这一过程中，一方面强调了病人死亡的主动原因，另一方面也强调了新的法律迫使医生不仅要尊重病人的实际意愿，而且要适用病人的法令。该模式的特殊性在于，不仅提出了实施间接参与的法律的建构的思想。为了确保，病人的意愿是足够强烈的，也是非法的，但减轻杀人的要求（安乐死）的概念被整合，委托一个明显不合理的决定，病人回到自己或至少防止立即实现这一决定。对于可能永久失去意识的植物人，则提出了另一种全新的观点：对这些病人来说，身体不受伤害的权利比生存的权利更重要，病人的意愿仍然必须得到尊重。然而，在这种“后感官”状态下，病人的意愿可以被相关的人解释而不会伤害病人。